选取昆明市为研究区域,在RS和GIS技术支持下,对2013年、2014年和2015年植被分类和覆盖度时空特征进行研究。结果表明:1)2013—2015年间,研究区分布较广的植被为针叶林和阔叶林,草地主要分布在北部高山河谷地带,灌丛和人工植被主要围绕城镇及水域分布,灌丛和草地面积下降12.72%,人工植被和其他用地面积上升12.82%。2)2013—2015年植被覆盖度整体呈上升趋势,NDVI>0.5区域比例上升31.52%,而2014—2015年植被覆盖度总体呈下降趋势,NDVI>0.5区域比例下降6.1%。3)植被覆盖度因海拔、坡度差异而呈现不同的分布特征,其中:海拔>2 500m和坡度>25°区域植被覆盖度相对较高,而海拔<1 000m和坡度<5°区域植被覆盖度相对较低,变化较明显的分布在海拔1 000~2 500m 和坡度<5°区域;海拔>2500m和坡度>25°区域人类活动少,植被覆盖变化不明显。

Vegetation classification and coverage reflects the distribution and variation of plants.Based on the study area of Kunming in Yunnan Province,the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation classification and coverage in recent three years was analyzed by means of RS and GIS technology in this paper,which has important practical significance to the local ecological sustainable development.The result showed that coniferous forest and broadleaf forest were widely distributed in the study area,grassland mainly in the northern mountain valley while shrub and artificial vegetation were mainly distributed around the waters and urban areas during 2013-2015,The vegetation area of shrub and grassland decreased by 12.72% while the area of artificial vegetation and other land use increased by 12.82%.The vegetation area NDVI>0.5 in the study area increased by 31.52% with an upward trend during 2013-2014,while it decreased by 6.1% with a negative growth from 2014 to 2015.Vegetation coverage in the study area exhibited different variation characteristics according to elevation and slope difference.The areas with high vegetation coverage were mainly distributed in the altitude of>2500m and the slope gradient of>25°,while the vegetation coverage was low in the areas of altitude <1000 m and slope gradient <5°.The areas with great changes were distributed in the altitude of 1000-2500m and the slope gradient of <5°.On the contrary,the areas with little changes were found in the areas of altitude>2500m and slope gradient>25°,where there were less human activities.