乌兰察布市重点生态工程包括黄河上中游地区天保工程、退耕还林工程、京津风沙源治理工程、野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程、重点公益林经营工程、其它生态工程。为明确内蒙古乌兰察布市国家重点生态工程生态效益,本文研究了实施国家重点生态工程后,2005—2013年乌兰察布市国家重点生态工程区植被指数变化特征。结果表明,乌兰察布市重点生态工程以京津风沙源治理工程面积最大,分布最广。京津风沙源治理工程、退耕还林工程、重点公益林经营工程、其他林业工程区平均植被指数每年增加0.017~0.020之间,而黄河上中游天保工程、野生动植物保护及自然保护区工程平均植被指数每年仅仅增加0.014 3和0.013 2。从行政区上看,察哈尔右翼前旗、集宁区、察哈尔右翼后旗、化德县、卓资县、察哈尔右翼中旗平均植被指数增加0.20~0.25,而四子王旗、兴和县、商都县、凉城县、丰镇市植被指数增加仅仅在0.12~0.20之间。总之,大力加强重点生态工程建设,对乌兰察布市植被增加有重要意义。

The key ecological projects in Ulanqab City include the natural conservation project in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,the project of returning cropland to forest,the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project,the project for protection of wild animals and plants and the nature reserve,the non-commercial forest project,and other forestry projects.In order to clarify the ecological benefits of the key forestry ecological projects in Ulanqab City,we have studied the changes in NDVI from 2005 to 2013.The results show that Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project in Ulanqab is the largest in area and most widely distributed.The average NDVI of Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project,the project of returning cropland to forest,the non-commercial forest project and other forestry projects area increased by 0.017~0.020 per year,while in the area of the natural conservation project in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,and the project for protection of wild animals and plants and nature reserve,the average NDVI increased by only 0.014 3 and 0.013 2 each year.From the administrative region aspect,the average NDVI of of Qahar Right Wing Front Banner,Jining,Qahar Right Wing Rear Banner,Huade County,Zhuozi County and Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner increased by 0.20% 0.25,while the increase of NDVI in Sizi Wang Banner,Xinghe County,Shangdu County,Liangcheng County,Fengzhen are only between 0.12 and 0.20.In a word,it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of the key ecological projects for the increase of vegetation in Ulanqab City.