随着智慧林草建设的持续推进,林草管理和外业工作对空间信息表达与交互的需求不断提高。虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)与增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)作为典型的扩展现实技术已逐渐被引入林草信息化领域,但对不同地理、生态和用户条件下技术适配性差异的研究有待加强。以地理与气候条件、生态复杂程度、信息化基础水平、用户技术能力4个维度为基础,将林草信息化应用环境划分为4类典型情境,并围绕资源管理决策、现场作业辅助和教育培训与科普传播3类业务,分析VR与AR技术的应用路径和功能侧重点。VR技术更适合封闭式模拟任务,AR技术在真实场景信息叠加方面表现突出;两者在实际应用中优势互补,在林草规划与执行的衔接环节展现出较大的协同应用前景。硬件投入、数据处理能力与用户技术水平三者之间存在相互制约的耦合关系,这一结构性矛盾在基层管理中尤为突出,在很大程度上限制了VR与AR技术规模化应用。未来需要结合不同区域条件,建立分层次、分场景的实施路径,逐步强化VR与AR技术在林草信息化体系中的支撑作用。

The development of smart forestry and grassland has placed higher demands on the representation and interaction of spatial information in management and field operations.As typical extended reality technologies,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)have been gradually introduced into the field of forestry and grassland informatization.However,studies assessing differences in the suitability of these technologies under different geographical,ecological,and user conditions remain insufficient.Based on four dimensions—geographical and climatic conditions,ecological complexity,informatization infrastructure level,and user technical capability—the application environment of forestry and grassland informatization is divided into four typical scenarios.Focusing on three core business areas—resource management decision-making,on-site operation assistance,as well as education,training,and science popularization—this paper analyzes the application pathways and functional priorities of VR and AR.VR is more suitable for closed simulation tasks,while AR excels in overlaying real-world scene information.The two technologies are complementary in practical applications and show substantial potential for synergistic application in linking forestry and grassland planning with implementation.There is a mutually constraining coupling relationship among hardware investment,data-processing capability,and user technical capabilities.This structural contradiction is particularly prominent in grassroots management and constrains the large-scale implementation of VR and AR.In the future,tiered and scenario-specific implementation pathways should be established in light of regional conditions,so as to gradually strengthen the supporting role of VR and AR technologies in the informatization system of forestry and grassland.