明确我国岭南地区银杏避难所——广东省南雄市古银杏群落特征及其物种多样性,为制定其保护和可持续利用策略提供参考。以广东八大古银杏群之一的老围俚古银杏群为研究对象,采用典型样方调查,分析其物种组成、群落结构、区系特征及物种多样性。结果表明:1)该群落共记录维管植物33科44属49种,优势科为蔷薇科、菊科、木犀科;乔木层优势种为银杏,重要值为66.39%,伴生枳椇、木犀等树种;灌木层有22种,优势种为白花泡桐,重要值为19.79%;草本层有21种,优势种为芒,重要值为15.51%。2)39属植物共划分为11个分布区类型,属级水平温带成分占46.15%、热带成分占38.46%,中国特有属仅有银杏属。3)灌木层与草本层的物种多样性指数接近,且远高于乔木层。该研究明确了老围俚古银杏群落的结构特征、植物区系与物种多样性特征,可为当地古银杏群落物种多样性保护、种质资源保育和生态景观利用提供数据支撑。

Clarifying the community characteristics and species diversity of ancient Ginkgo biloba communities in Nanxiong,Guangdong,a vital southern China refuge for Ginkgo biloba,can provide a reference for formulating its conservation and sustainable utilization strategies.Taking Laoweili ancient Ginkgo biloba clusters,one of the eight ancient Ginkgo biloba clusters in Guangdong Province,as the research object,typical quadrat surveys were conducted to analyze its species composition,community structure,floristic characteristics and species diversity.The results showed that:1)A total of 49 species of vascular plants belonging to 44 genera and 33 families were recorded within the community.Rosaceae,Asteraceae,and Oleaceae were the dominant families.The tree layer was dominated by Ginkgo biloba with an importance value of 66.39%,accompanied by tree species including Hovenia acerba and Osmanthus fragrans.The shrub layer contained 22 species,among which Paulownia fortunei was the dominant species with an improtance value of 19.79%.The herb layer consisted of 21 species,dominated by Miscanthus sinensis with an improtance value of 15.51%.2)The 39 plant genera were classified into 11 distribution types.At the genus level,temperate components accounted for 46.15% and tropical components accounted for 38.46%;Ginkgo was the only Chinese endemic genus.3)The species diversity indices of the shrub layer and herb layer were close to each other,and much higher than that of the tree layer.This study systematically clarifies the structural characteristics,flora,and species diversity characteristics of Laoweili ancient Ginkgo biloba community,which can provide data support for the conservation of species diversity of local ancient Ginkgo biloba communities,germplasm resource preservation and ecological landscapeutilization.