为探究我国西北地区樟子松球果和种子形态性状的变异情况及其与环境的关系,以内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市磴口县(磴口县)、内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗(伊金霍洛旗)、甘肃省武威市民勤县(民勤县)和内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗红花尔基镇(红花尔基镇)4个地区的樟子松林的球果和种子为试验对象,分析气候和土壤2个环境因子对樟子松球果和种子形态性状的影响。结果表明:1)4个地区的樟子松球果和种子形态性状变异系数范围为1.60%~48.22%。区域间变异系数高于区域内,且球果形态性状变异始终高于种子形态性状变异。2)4个地区樟子松球果形态性状指标由大到小的排列顺序为:红花尔基镇、伊金霍洛旗、磴口县、民勤县。3)樟子松球果长(CL)、种子长(SL)和翅长(TL)与土壤水解氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),种子宽(SW)和种子体积(SV)与AN和AP呈负相关。4)多数球果和种子形态性状与海拔(AL)呈负相关,多数球果形态性状及部分种子形态性状与年均降水量(AAP)呈正相关。总体而言,12个环境因子对樟子松球果和种子形态性状贡献率高达99.99%,气象因子的贡献率最高(88.10%),土壤因子仅为11.89%。其中,AAP对4个地区樟子松球果和种子形态性状变异的贡献率达86.40%,表明AAP是驱动樟子松球果与种子表型变异的关键环境因子。

In order to investigate the variation of cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica in the northwest area and their relationship with the environment,we used the cones and seeds of P.sylvestris var.mongolica forests from the following four locations as experimental materials:Dengkou County,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;Ejin Horo Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;Minqin County,Wuwei City,Gansu Province;and Honghua’erji Town,Evenk Autonomous Banner,Hulunbuir City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.We studied the effects of climate and soil on cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.The results indicated the following:1) The variation coefficients of cone and seed morphological traits in the four regions ranged from 1.60% to 48.22%.The inter-regional variation coefficient was higher than that within the same region.The variation of cone morphological traits was always higher than that of seed morphological traits.2) The order of cone morphological traits from large to small in the four regions was as follows:Honghua’erji Town,Ejin Horo Banner,Dengkou County,Minqin County.3) The cone length (CL),seed length (SL),and samara length (TL) of P.sylvestris var.mongolica were significantly positively correlated with hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) (P<0.05),but the seed weight (SW) and seed volume (SV) were negatively correlated with AN and AP.4) The aridity index (AL) was negatively correlated with most cone and seed morphological traits,while the average annual precipitation (AAP) was positively correlated with many cone and some seed morphological traits.In general,the 12 environmental factors had an contribution rate of up to 99.99% for the cone and seed morphological traits of P.sylvestris var.mongolica.The contribution rate of meteorological factors was 88.10%,and that of soil factors was only 11.89%.The AAP had an contribution rate of up to 86.40% for the variation in cone and seed morphological traits of P.sylvestris var.mongolica across the four regions,indicating that AAP was the key environmental factor driving the phenotypic variation of cones and seeds.