全面评价不同云杉在呼和浩特地区引种表现,可为挖掘优质云杉资源,合理推广适生云杉树种提供参考。以呼和浩特树木园引种栽培38~46 a生的9种云杉为研究对象,采用包括生长特性、抗逆性、繁殖特性的12个指标构建综合评价模型,对云杉引种表现进行分析。结果表明:1)9种云杉在呼和浩特地区生长表现存在显著差异,青杄年均树高生长量和年均胸径生长量均最大,紫果云杉年均树高生长量最小,白云杉年均胸径生长量最小。欧洲云杉当年枝长最大,白云杉最小;青海云杉当年枝最粗,白云杉当年枝最细。2)白云杉、雪岭云杉、新疆云杉抗逆性较好,不存在枯枝、枯叶;欧洲云杉抗逆性较差,枯枝、枯叶严重。3)9种云杉均能开花结实,但种子质量存在显著差异。4)根据引种综合表现将9种云杉划分成4类:青海云杉、云杉和白杄为Ⅰ类,生长迅速,繁殖能力强,种子有胚率高、发芽率高,种子质量好;雪岭云杉、新疆云杉、青杄、白云杉为Ⅱ类,生长较好,枯枝、枯叶率低、繁殖能力一般,种子有胚率不高、发芽率低;紫果云杉为Ⅲ类,繁殖能力较差;欧洲云杉为Ⅳ类,繁殖能力好且生长迅速,但抗逆性较差。青海云杉、云杉和白杄可在内蒙古云杉适生区进行广泛推广种植;雪岭云杉、新疆云杉、青杄和白云杉可作为景观树种进行种植;紫果云杉需进一步引种试验观察;欧洲云杉不宜在内蒙古中西部地区引种栽植。

To identify high-quality Picea resources with strong adaptability in Hohhot,the introduction performance of nine introduced and cultivated Picea species(38-46 years) in the Hohhot Arboretum was evaluated by a model of incorporating growth traits,stress resistance and reproductive characteristics.The results showed that Picea wilsonii exhibited the fastest growth(annual average height growth and annual average DBH growth),while P.purpurea and P.glauca showed the poorest height and DBH growth,respectively.P.crassifolia showed the largest branch diameter growth in the current year,while P.glauca showed the smallest branch diameter growth.P.schrenkiana and P.obovata demonstrated strong stress resistance,whereas P.abies suffered severe dieback.All nine Picea species could flower and produce seeds,but their seed quality varied significantly.Species were classified into four groups:P.crassifolia,P.asperata and P.meyeri(Group I) exhibited high seed embryo rates,germination rates,and overall seed quality;P.schrenkiana,P.obovata,P.wilsonii and P.glauca (Group II) had moderate growth,low dieback rates,but poorer seed viability;P.purpurea(Group III) showed weak reproductive capacity,while P.abies(Group IV) grew rapidly but had low stress resistance.Group I is suitable for large-scale promotion in spruce-friendly zones of Inner Mongolia due to rapid growth and high seed quality.Group II is recommended as landscape species for ornamental planting.Group III requires further introduction trials to assess adaptability.Group IV is not recommended for planting in central and western Inner Mongolia due to poor stress resistance.The findings provide critical guidance for optimizing spruce cultivation.