通过对武汉市森林常见树种凋落叶的易燃性分析,综合评判凋落叶的易燃性,为武汉市森林防火和防火树种选择提供理论依据。以马尾松、湿地松、枫香树、樟、栓皮栎、小叶栎、冬青、油茶、构、海桐10种武汉市森林常见树种凋落叶为研究对象,测定其平衡含水率(EMC)、燃点(IP)、点燃时间(IT)、热值(CV)、灰分含量(AC)、木质素含量(LC)、纤维素含量(CC)7个易燃性指标,采用聚类分析和主成分分析法,将10种树种凋落叶易燃性分为难燃、可燃、易燃3个等级,并计算其易燃性综合得分。湿地松、马尾松、小叶栎凋落叶易燃;冬青、栓皮栎、油茶、海桐、枫香树和樟凋落叶可燃;构的凋落叶难燃。10种树种凋落叶易燃性排序为:湿地松>马尾松>小叶栎>冬青>栓皮栎>油茶>海桐>枫香树>樟>构。构的凋落叶难燃,可备选为森林防火树种。以湿地松、马尾松或小叶栎为主要组成树种的森林,由于其凋落叶易燃,具有较高的火灾风险,应作为森林防火重点监控的林分。

For forest fire prevention and fire resistant tree species selection in Wuhan,we analyzed the flammability of leaves litter of common forest species in Wuhan and evaluated their combustion.We selected leaves litter of ten common forest species,Pinus massoniana,Pinus elliottii,Liquidambar formosana,Camphora officinarum,Quercus variabilis,Quercus chenii,Ilex chinensis,Camellia oleifera,Broussonetia papyrifera,Pittosporum tobira,measured seven flammability related variables,equilibrium moisture content,ignition point,ignition time,calorific value,ash content,lignin content and cellulose content.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to divide the flammability of leaves litter into three grades:flammable,combustible and non-flammable,and to calculate a combustion index for each species.The results show that leaves litter of three species(P.elliottii, P.massoniana and Q.chenii)were classified as flammable,six species(I.chinensis, Q.variabilis, C.oleifera, P.tobira, L.formosana and C.officinarum)as combustible,and one species(B.papyrifera)as non-flammable.In the descending order,the flammability of the leaves litter of ten common forest species was P.elliottii, P.massoniana, Q.chenii, I.chinensis, Q.variabilis, C.oleifera, P.tobira,L.formosana, C.officinarum and B.papyrifera.B.papyrifera can be used as forest fire resistant tress species due to the non-flammable of its leaves litter.Forests with P.elliottii,P.massoniana or Q.chenii as the main component species are highly susceptible to fire due to the high flammability of their leaves litter,which should be a focus in forest fire prevention.