为深入了解全国古树名木资源特点,基于第二次全国古树名木资源普查数据,分析古树名木的资源数量、种类、空间分布、生长特征和健康状况,以及现行保护管理在责任意识、权属管理、生态保护、技术应用等方面面临的挑战。结果表明:全国古树名木总计508.19万株,其中,散生古树名木122.13万株,隶属于157科608属2 553种,主要分布于华北地区和南方地区,权属多为集体所有,以三级古树居多,树高集中在10~<20 m,胸围集中在100~<300 cm,冠幅集中在5~<20 m。古树生长势与生长环境存在显著相关性。针对古树名木资源现状,为更好地保护古树名木,应进一步优化管理策略、实施分级分类保护、完善资金保障、健全法治与宣教体系、推动科技赋能。

To gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of ancient and notable tree resources in China,based on the data from the second national census of ancient and notable tree resources,this study analyzes the quantity,types,spatial distribution,growth characteristics,and health status of ancient and notable trees,and explores the multiple challenges faced by current protection management in terms of responsibility awareness,ownership management,ecological protection,and technological application.The results showed that there are a total of 5.0819 million ancient and notable trees in China,including 1.2213 million scattered ancient and notable trees,belonging to 2553 species of 608 genera in 157 families,mainly distributed in Northern China and southern regions.The ownership is mostly collective,with the majority being third-grade ancient trees.The tree height is concentrated between 10-20 m,the chest circumference is concentrated between 100-300 cm,and the crown width is concentrated between 5-20 m.There is a significant correlation between the growth potential of ancient trees and their growth environment.Under the current situation,in order to better protect ancient and notable tree resources,it is necessary to further optimize management strategies,implement graded and classified protection,improve financial support,establish a sound legal and educational system,and promote technological empowerment.