为促进东北红豆杉物种保护和种群恢复,基于2023年黑龙江省老爷岭和张广才岭林区天然东北红豆杉资源野外调查数据,分析东北红豆杉天然分布区资源多样性及密度分布特征。结果表明:1)在研究区内,共记录到野生植物93科312属678种。2)东北红豆杉年龄结构呈 “纺锤形”分布,中树数量最多,种群结构更为稳定。其中,在红松紫椴林中分布数量最多,在红松云冷杉林中出现频度最大。3)天然红豆杉种群数量庞大,且表现出显著的空间聚集性。其分布与多种生态因子密切相关,最适宜的生境为海拔650~750 m,主要集中于山地上坡地带;在坡度小于10°的区域,种群密度显著高于坡度大于10°的区域。4)研究区内有2个高密集区中心及多个次密集区中心,最高种群密度可达21株/hm²,其密度分布以高适生区为中心向外扩展。

To promote the protection and population recovery of Taxus cuspidata in Northeast China,we analyzed the diversity and density distribution of its natural distribution areas with field investigation data from Laojieling and Zhangguangcailing forest regions in Heilongjiang Province.The results indicated the following:1)The natural distribution area of Taxus cuspidata is rich in forest and grassland resources,with a total of 678 species of wild plants recorded across 93 families and 312 genera.2)The age structure of Taxus cuspidata in Northeast China exhibits a “spindle shape” characterized by a predominance of medium and large trees,resulting in a stable population.The largest number of individuals is found in Tilia amurensis forests,while the highest frequency of occurrence is in the red pine and spruce forests.3)The natural population of Taxus cuspidata is substantial,demonstrating strong spatial aggregation,which correlates significantly with various ecological factors.The most suitable altitude range for population survival is in 650-750 m,primarily located on mountain slopes.Additionally,the population density increases significantly when the slope is steeper than 10°.4)The study area features two high-density regional centers and several sub-dense regional centers,with a population density reaching up to 21 ind.hm².Density gradually decreases outward from these high-fitness regions,with the southern part of Heilongjiang Province identified as one of the most suitable natural distribution areas for the species.