探究土壤侵蚀与石漠化的空间分布特征、关联作用及其驱动因素,对岩溶区的生态保护与修复决策具有参考价值和实践意义。以湖北省利川市为研究对象,采用修正的通用土壤流失模型、石漠化指数、空间自相关分析和耦合协调模型,分析土壤侵蚀与石漠化的空间分布格局及其耦合协调关系,并利用地理探测器探测其驱动因素。结果表明:1)利川市岩溶区土壤侵蚀程度以中度及以下等级为主,土壤侵蚀热点区主要集中在中部、西部及南部的部分地区;2)石漠化程度以中度石漠化为主,热点区广泛分布;强烈土壤侵蚀区域的石漠化程度最为严重,重度石漠化区域的土壤侵蚀程度最为严重;3)土壤侵蚀与石漠化表现出显著的空间正相关性,且二者之间存在较弱的双变量空间正相关关系;4)土壤侵蚀与石漠化总体处于高耦合、低协调的状态,表现为低水平上的相互制约关系;5)土壤侵蚀的主导因子为植被盖度,石漠化的主导因子为岩石裸露率,因子间的交互作用具有一定的空间叠加效应。

Investigating the spatial distribution characteristics,correlation,and driving factors of soil erosion and rocky desertification is of significant decision-making and practical value for the ecological protection and restoration of karst areas. With Lichuan City,Hubei Province as the research object,by using the RUSLE model,rocky desertification index,spatial autocorrelation analysis,and coupling coordination model,the spatial distribution patterns and coupling coordination relationships of soil erosion and rocky desertification were analyzed. The driving factors are detected using the GeoDetector. The results show that soil erosion in the karst area of Lichuan City is mainly characterized by moderate and lower levels,hot spots are mainly concentrated in parts of the central,western and southern regions. Rocky desertification is predominantly at the moderate level,and the hot spots are widely distributed throughout the area. The degree of rocky desertification is most severe in areas with intense soil erosion,and the degree of soil erosion is most severe in areas with severe rocky desertification. Both soil erosion and rocky desertification exhibit significant positive spatial autocorrelation,and there is a weak bivariate positive spatial correlation between them. Soil erosion and rocky desertification are generally in a state of high coupling but low coordination,characterized by mutual constraints at a low level. The dominant factor for soil erosion is vegetation cover,while the dominant factor for rocky desertification is rock exposure rate,with their interactions having a certain spatial overlap effect.