我国是森林草原火灾多发国家,在以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化背景下,森林草原防灭火工作面临高温干旱、干雷暴等极端天气事件频发、林草可燃物载量明显增多、火源管控难度不断加大等问题,火灾防治形势仍然十分严峻复杂。以习近平总书记关于防灾减灾救灾工作的系列重要论述和重要指示批示精神为根本遵循,分析国内外防火工作的发展历程和管理特点,针对新形势下极端天气事件增多、潜在风险加大、灾害链复杂多样的风险挑战,以及与新形势新任务新要求还不完全适应的工作机制、队伍力量、平台建设等突出问题,从机制保障、顶层设计和标准研制3个方面,提出促进森林草原火灾防治工作高质量发展的策略。

China is a country prone to forest and grassland fires.Under global climate change,forest and grassland fire prevention and control work faces numerous factors such as frequent extreme weather events like high temperatures,droughts,and dry thunderstorms,a significant increase in the load of forest and grass combustibles,and growing difficulties in controlling fire sources.The situation of fire prevention and control remains extremely severe and complex.We take the series of important discourses,instructions,and directives of General Secretary Xi Jinping on disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief work as the fundamental guideline.We sort out,summarize,and analyze the development process and management characteristics of fire prevention work both domestic and foreign.We focus on the risk challenges under the new situation,such as the increase in extreme weather events,the growth of potential risks,and the complexity and diversity of disaster chains,as well as the prominent shortcomings in the work mechanism,team strength,and platform construction that are not fully adapted to the new situation,tasks,and requirements.From three main aspects of mechanism guarantee,top-level design,and standard development,we put forward prospects and ideas for promoting the high-quality development of forest and grassland fire prevention and control work.