贡嘎山国家级自然保护区以保护高山生物多样性及多元生态系统为主,生态地位极其重要。探究其景观格局演变特征对维持区域独特生态系统的结构与功能完整性、制定相应的生物多样性保护规划均具有关键意义。同时,通过对高山生态系统在景观格局方面的长期动态监测与综合分析,有助于识别地质灾害风险变化趋势,从而降低灾害损失。基于遥感数据与地理信息系统,选取1996年、2009年、2022年遥感影像,分析贡嘎山国家级自然保护区在2008年地震前后26年间的景观格局变化特征。结果表明:1)贡嘎山国家级自然保护区的优势景观类型为草原和森林,总占比高达85%。但自然保护区内冰雪面积持续缩减;2)1996—2009年,地震导致贡嘎山国家级自然保护区的多种景观类型斑块数量大幅度减少,表现为景观优势度下降、景观类型单一化、景观破碎化加剧的态势;3)2010—2022年,得益于生态保护与管理措施,贡嘎山国家级自然保护区的景观类型斑块减少情况变缓,景观破碎度降低、景观连通性增强。

The Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve plays a vital ecological role,focusing on the protection of alpine biodiversity and diverse ecosystems.Exploring the evolution characteristics of its landscape pattern is of crucial significance for maintaining the integrity of the structure and function of the unique ecosystem and formulating corresponding biodiversity protection plans.Long-term monitoring and analysis of landscape patterns also help identify trends in geological disaster risks,thereby mitigating potential losses.Based on remote sensing data and the Geographic Information System(GIS),remote sensing images in 1996,2009 and 2022 were selected to analyze the characteristics of landscape pattern changes in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve over the 26 years before and after the 2008 earthquake.1)Grasslands and forests dominate the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve,comprising 85% of the total area,while ice and snow areas have steadily declined.2)Between 1996 and 2009,the earthquake significantly reduced the number of landscape patches,leading to decreased landscape dominance,simplified landscape types,and intensified fragmentation.3)From 2010 to 2022,ecological protection efforts slowed the reduction in patches,reduced fragmentation,and improved landscape connectivity.