研究石灰岩山地不同林龄柏木林对土壤理化性质和植物多样性的影响,对石漠化区脆弱生态系统的植被恢复具有重要意义。以浙江省杭州市富阳区的石灰岩山地柏木林为研究对象,分为对照(石灰岩无林地)、幼龄林、中龄林和近熟林4种类型,采用空间代替时间的方法,运用Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析(RDA),探讨不同林龄柏木林对石灰岩山地土壤理化性质与植物多样性的影响。结果表明:1)各林龄柏木林的土壤容重均小于无林地,且土壤的最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量和含水率均高于无林地。中龄林土壤容重最小,持水量最高,幼龄林含水率最高。2)不同林龄柏木林的土壤有机碳、全氮、水解性氮含量均高于无林地,中龄林的含量最高。3)各林龄柏木林的物种丰富度均高于无林地。中龄林在乔木层和草本层的丰富度最高,幼龄林在灌木层的丰富度最高;各林龄柏木林的Simpson优势度指数均高于无林地;幼龄林和中龄林的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于无林地。4)相关性分析与RDA分析表明,pH值是影响该地区土壤理化性质与植物多样性的主要因子,其次为持水量、容重、含水率、全磷及水解性氮。石灰岩山地柏木林土壤理化性质和植物多样性均显著优于无林地,其中以中龄林的综合表现最佳。柏木对石灰岩山地的土壤改善效果显著,但不同林龄有所差异。

The investigation of the impact of Cupressus funebris forests of varying ages on soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity in limestone mountainous regions is of paramount importance for vegetation restoration in fragile ecosystems within rocky desertification zones.Focusing on Cupressus funebris forests in the limestone mountainous areas of Fuyang District,Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province,China,this study categorized the forests into control(limestone non-stocked land),young forests,middle-aged forests,and near-mature forests.Employing the space-for-time substitution method,along with Pearson correlation analysis and Redundancy Analysis(RDA),the study explored the influence of Cupressus funebris forests of different ages on soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity in limestone mountainous regions.1)The soil bulk density of Cupressus funebris forests of all ages was lower than that of non-stocked land,whereas the maximum water-holding capacity,capillary water-holding capacity,minimum water-holding capacity,and moisture content of the soil,were higher.Among them,middle-aged forests had the lowest soil bulk density and the highest water-holding capacity,while young forests had the highest moisture content.2)The soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents of Cupressus funebris forests of different ages were higher than those of non-stocked land,with middle-aged forests exhibiting the highest contents.3)The species richness of Cupressus funebris forests of all ages was higher than that of non-stocked land.Middle-aged forests exhibited the greatest species richness in both tree and herb layers,whereas young forests showed the greatest richness in the shrub layer.The Simpson dominance index of Cupressus funebris forests of all ages was higher than that of non-stocked land,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of young and middle-aged forests was significantly higher than that of non-stocked land.4)Correlation analysis and RDA indicated that pH was the primary factor influencing soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity in the region,followed by water-holding capacity,bulk density,moisture content,total phosphorus,and hydrolyzable nitrogen.In summary,the soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity of Cupressus funebris forests in limestone mountainous regions were significantly superior to those of non-stocked land,with middle-aged forests demonstrating the best overall performance.Cupressus funebris had a significant effect on improving soil in limestone mountainous regions,with effects varying by forest age.