在2022年的春、秋、冬三季,采用样线法和样点法在额尔古纳湿地开展鸟类多样性调查。结果表明:1)共记录到鸟类14 139只,115种,隶属于19目40科;2)古北型、全北型和东北型共78种,占总物种数的67.83%,鸟类群落具有北方区域的特征;3)在鸟类区系方面,以古北种和广布种为主,在居留型方面,夏候鸟、留鸟和旅鸟占绝对优势;4)全部鸟类中共有39种保护鸟类,其中国家一级保护动物6种,国家二级保护动物26种,列入CITES附录Ⅱ的鸟类24种,列入CITES附录I的鸟类2种;5)从鸟类生态类型来看,鸣禽物种数最多(57种),但数量较少(575只),而游禽和涉禽的物种数共35种,数量为13 468只,占此次调查鸟类总数量的95.25%;6)鸟类群落组成具有季节性动态差异,秋季的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高,春季最低,各季节物种Sorensen指数均较低;7)鸟类群落组成受生境类型影响较大,疏林灌丛的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高,农田最低,各生境类型间物种Sorensen指数较低。调查结果反映出额尔古纳湿地的鸟类资源现状,可为保护区鸟类的管理及保护提供参考依据。

In the spring,autumn and winter of 2022,a survey of bird diversity was carried out in Erguna wetland by using line transect method and site sampling method. 1)A total of 14 139 birds and 115 species belonging to 19 orders and 40 families were recorded. 2)There were 78 species of Palaearctic,Holoearctic and Northeast type,accounting for 67.83% of the total species. 3)In terms of bird fauna,Palearctic species and widespread species are the main species,and in terms of resident types,summer migratory birds,resident birds and travelers are absolutely superior. 4)There are 39 species of protected birds,including 6 species under national priority protection,26 species under national secondary protection,24 species of birds listed in CITES Appendix II and 2 species listed in CITES Appendix I. 5)In terms of bird ecological types,songbirds had the largest number of species(57 species),but a small number(575),while swimming birds and wading birds had a total of 35 species(13 468 species),accounting for 95.25% of the total number of birds in this survey. 6)There were seasonal dynamic differences in bird community composition,with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index in autumn and the lowest in spring,and the lower Sorensen index among different seasons. 7)The composition of bird community was greatly affected by habitat types. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were the highest in forest shrub,the lowest in farmland,and the Sorensen index among different habitat types was low. The results of the survey reflect the status quo of bird resources in Erguna wetland,and can provide a reference for the management and protection of birds in the reserve.