宁夏是受荒漠化和沙化影响较为严重的地区之一。采用2004—2019年连续4期宁夏荒漠化和沙化监测数据,对比分析荒漠化和沙化土地的动态变化规律,为宁夏荒漠化和沙化防治措施和成效分析及制定防沙治沙政策和规划提供依据。结果表明:1)2004—2019年,宁夏荒漠化和沙化土地面积减少。荒漠化土地面积共减少33.937万hm²,面积减少率11.4%;沙化土地面积共减少17.943万hm²,面积减少率为15.2%。2)宁夏荒漠化和沙化程度减轻。轻度荒漠化和中度沙化土地面积增加,其他程度的荒漠化和沙化土地面积均减小。3)荒漠化和沙化土地转移中,耕地、林地、未利用地向草地转化面积最大。草地是现阶段荒漠化和沙化土地治理的目标。4)在3个监测时段(2004—2009年、2009—2014年、2014—2019年),荒漠化土地转化为非荒漠化或退出荒漠化土地面积分别为11.101万hm²、29.006万hm²和26.563万hm²;沙化土地转化为非沙化或退出沙化土地面积分别为11.293万hm²、19.700万hm²和18.007万hm²。5)荒漠化和沙化土地依然存在边治理边破坏的情况。宁夏荒漠生态系统和沙区生态状况整体呈现稳中向好态势,今后荒漠化和沙化土地治理应以草地为治理目标并严防治理效果反弹。

Ningxia is one of the regions that are affected by desertification and sandification.Research adopts the 4 consecutive years of desertification and sandification monitoring data from 2004 to 2019,analyzed the dynamic changes of Ningxia’s desertification and sandification land.It provides evidence for measures of Ningxia desertification and sandification,and assesses effectiveness analysis and formulation of prevention policies and planning.1)The area affected by desertification and sandification in Ningxia has decreased.From 2004 to 2019,the area of desertification land decreased by 33.937×10⁴ hm²,and the reduction rate was 11.4%;the area of sandification land decreased by 17.943×10⁴ hm²,and the reduction rate was 15.2%.2)The degree of Ningxia desertification and sandification land was reduced.The area of mild desertification land and moderate sandification land was increasing,other degrees of the area of desertification and desertification land were decreasing.3)In terms of land use transition,the largest shift from cultivated and forest lands has been toward grasslands.Grassland is the goal of desertification and sandification land governance at this stage.4)Transfer matrix analysis shows that in the three monitoring periods(2004—2009,2009—2014,2014—2019),the area of desertification land was transformed into non-desertification or exiting the area of desertified land to 11.101×10⁴ hm²、29.006×10⁴ hm² and 26.563×10⁴ hm²,respectively.The area of sandification land was transformed into non-sandification or exiting the area of sandification land to 11.29×10⁴ hm²、19.700×10⁴ hm² and 18.007×10⁴ hm²,respectively.5)Desertification and sandification processes also repeatedly manifest in conditions of land damage and destruction.The desert ecosystems and ecological conditions of sandy areas in Ningxia remain stable and favorable.In the future,grasslands governance of desertification and sandification will be the main governance targets.Concurrently,stringent measures should be implemented to prevent the rebound of governance effectiveness.