揭示库布齐沙漠灌木资源分布与景观特征,对优化区域灌木资源分布结构,增加其保护与利用效能,稳固防沙治沙成效具有重要意义。 基于GF-2遥感影像、DEM、气温、降水等数据,使用地理空间分析技术解析库布齐沙漠柠条林的分布现状与景观特征。结果表明:1)库布齐沙漠的柠条林斑块数量约2.2万个,总面积约2.1万hm²,占库布齐沙漠面积的1.49%。杭锦旗的柠条林斑块最多,东胜区最少;流动沙地的斑块最多,盐碱地最少。斑块多分布于高程984~1 093 m的区域,高程增加柠条斑块数量减少;随着温度升高、降水量增大,斑块数量增加,年降水量309~356 mm区域最多。2)库布齐沙漠不同区域景观特征与地势地貌、气温、降水、柠条林种植类型以及荒漠化防治作用有关。北部区域高程低、盐碱地多,属于库布齐沙漠扩张边缘,以连片成条带状生长的防沙阻沙柠条林为主;南部高程高、气温低,以防风固沙林与水土保持林为主;西部高程低、流动沙地多,气候干旱,属于荒漠草原带,以天然散生柠条林为主;东部水热条件好,多分布于退耕还林区域及道路两旁。库布齐沙漠应加大西部柠条林保护与修复力度,更新改造沙漠北部老化退化柠条林种植格局以增强其稳定性,库布齐沙漠东部水热优势显著,应继续增加柠条林种植面积,为柠条产业发展供给充足林草资源。

Revealing the distribution and landscape characteristics of shrub resources in the Kubuqi Desert is of great significance to optimize the distribution structure of shrub resources in the region,increase the effectiveness of their protection and utilization,and solidify the effectiveness of sand control and prevention.Based on GF-2 remote sensing images,DEM,temperature,precipitation and other data,geospatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the distribution status and landscape characteristics of Caragana groves in the Kubuqi Desert.The results show that:1)the number of Caragana grove patches in the Kubuqi Desert is about 22 000,with a total area of about 21 000 hm²,accounting for 1.49% of the area of the Kubuqi Desert.Hangjin Banner has the most Caragana grove patches and Dongsheng District has the least;mobile sandy land has the most patches and saline land has the least.The patches are mostly distributed in the area of elevation 984-1 093 m,and the number of Caragana grove patches decreases with the increase of elevation;with the increase of temperature and precipitation,the number of patches increases,and the area with annual precipitation 309-356 mm is the most.2)The landscape pattern of different regions of the Kubuqi Desert is related to the terrain and geomorphology,temperature and precipitation,Caragana grove plantation type,and the desertification control effect.The northern region has low elevation,saline and alkaline land,belongs to the edge of Kubuqi Desert expansion,and is dominated by continuous sand prevention and sand blocking Caragana groves,the southern region has high elevation and low temperature,the main focus is on wind and sand control forests and soil and water conservation forests.,the western region has low elevation,flowing sandy land,arid climate,and belongs to desert grassland belt,and is dominated by natural dispersed Caragana groves,and the eastern region has good hydrothermal conditions,which is more distributed in areas of returning cultivated land to forests and on both sides of the roads.The Kubuqi Desert should strengthen the protection and restoration of Caragana groves in the western part of the desert,update the planting pattern of aged and degraded Caragana groves in the northern part of the desert in order to enhance its stability,and continue to increase the planting area of Caragana groves in the eastern part of the desert,where there are significant hydrothermal advantages,so as to supply sufficient forestry and grassland resources for Caragana grove industry development.