山铜材(Chunia bucklandioides)为国家二级重点保护野生植物,数量稀少、分布范围狭窄,研究山铜材的种群现状及分布格局对其种群的保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。以海南热带雨林国家公园尖峰岭片区内的山铜材种群为研究对象,采用径级结构代替年龄结构的方法,将山铜材划分为4个龄级(Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级),运用成对相关函数g(r)对山铜材种群及其各龄级的空间分布格局及关联性进行分析。研究表明:1)山铜材种群存在假性稳定增长的现象,只能在该生境中繁衍,很难扩大其种群规模;2)山铜材种群在小尺度下呈聚集分布,随着尺度的增加,大部分种群向均匀分布发展,少部分种群呈随机分布和聚集分布趋势;3)不同龄级的个体皆在小尺度下为聚集分布,其中Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级个体聚集程度较大,随着尺度的增加,部分龄级存在均匀分布,最终皆演变为随机分布;4)不同龄级间的空间关联性表明了山铜材主要靠Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级个体扩萌更新,其萌生个体对母树的依赖性强弱为Ⅱ级>Ⅰ级>Ⅲ级>Ⅳ级。因此,未来在山铜材种群的保护中,应以保护母树为主,适当间伐母树周边的萌生苗和清除倒伏枝条萌生苗附近的小型植物,将实生苗进行迁地保护,以此来扩大和保护山铜材野生种群。

Chunia bucklandioides has been listed in key protected wild plants of national importance Class II,with a small population and narrow distribution.Studying the population characteristics and distribution of Chunia bucklandioides is of great significance for protecting the ecological environment and realizing the sustainable development of this species.The present research was conducted with Chunia bucklandioides in the Jianfengling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.The diameter class was used to represent age class,and Chunia bucklandioides forest were divided into four age classes(I,II,III,IV).The pairwise correlation function g(r) was used to analyze the spatial distribution and correlation of different age classes of Chunia bucklandioides.The results showed that:1)The population of Chunia bucklandioides showed a pseudo-stable increasing trend,which could only survive but hard to expand its population size;2)The population of Chunia bucklandioides showed aggregated distribution at the small scale,and as the scale increased,the most of population developed into evenly distribution,while others showed random or aggregated;3)Individuals in different age classes were all aggregated at the small scale,and individuals in Class I and Class II showed a greater aggregation degree than others.As the scale increased,some age classes showed regular distribution and eventually evolved into random distribution;4)The germination and regeneration of Chunia bucklandioides mainly relied on individuals of Class III and Class IV,and the dependence of germinating individuals on the mother tree was Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ.Therefore,in the future,the main focus of conserving of the Chunia bucklandioides population should be on protecting the mother tree,appropriately intercutting budding seedlings around the mother tree and removing small plants near the budding seedlings of fallen branches.Additionally,live seedlings should be relocated for conservation as a means of expanding and conserving the wild population of Chunia bucklandioides.