野生动物资源的定期调查与持续监测是维持、评估及管理生物多样性的重要手段。为明确黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区内野生动物资源的底数和种群变化特征,2022年11月至12月对自然保护区内的兽类和林栖鸟类开展冬季调查。根据足迹链及其他痕迹对野生动物种群数量进行间接调查统计,并采用样带法估算种群数量,通过生境片断化程度、保护现状、发展趋势等3个方面对栖息地质量进行评价。结果显示,在布设的56条样带中发现:兽类3目7科12种,且种群在数量和分布上都具有相当规模,以原麝(Moschus moschiferus)、紫貂(Martes zibellina)、貂熊(Gulo gulo)、驼鹿(Alces alces)较突出;林栖鸟类1目1科2种,为黑嘴松鸡(Tetrao urogalloides)和花尾榛鸡(Tetrastes bonasia)。原麝、貂熊、驼鹿与紫貂的栖息地质量良好,雪兔(Lepus timidus)、马鹿(Cervrs canadensis)与黑嘴松鸡的栖息地质量较差。根据调查分析评价结果提出建立健全科研监测体系、恢复野生动物生境连通性等针对性管理建议,以推进自然保护区生物多样性监测水平与保护管理能力的全面提升。

Regular survey and continuous monitoring of wildlife resources are important means for biodiversity maintenance,assessment and management.In order to further clarify the basic situation and the changing characteristics of populations of wildlife resources in the Heilongjiang Huzhong National Nature Reserve,a winter survey of veterinary animals and forest-dwelling birds was carried out from November to December in 2022.The footprint chain was adopted as a statistical index for the indirect population survey of animals,and the sample strip method was utilized to estimate the number of populations.The habitat quality was evaluated in terms of habitat fragmentation,conservation status,and development trends.The results showed that 12 species of beasts from 3 orders and 7 families were found in the 56 sample strips,and the populations were quite large in number and distribution,with siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus),sable (Martes zibellina),wolverine (Gulo gulo),moose (Alces alces)being the more prominent ones;2 species of forest-dwelling birds from 1 order and 1 family were found,including black-billed capercaillie (Tetrao urogalloides)and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia).The habitat quality of siberian musk deer,wolverin,moose and sable was good,and the habitat quality of mountain hare (Lepus timidus),wapiti (Cervrs canadensis)and black-billed capercaillie was poor.Based on the results of the survey analysis and evaluation,targeted management countermeasures such as the establishment of a sound scientific research and monitoring system and the restoration of wildlife habitat connectivity have been proposed,so as to realize a comprehensive improvement in the level of biodiversity monitoring and protection and management capacity of the nature reserves.