驼鹿是国家一级保护野生动物,研究驼鹿生境适宜性是保护驼鹿种群的关键内容。以黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区为对象,结合最大熵(MaxEnt)模型和生境适宜性指数(HSI)模型对驼鹿生境适宜性进行评价,利用无人机样带调查得到驼鹿分布点数据,采用MaxEnt模型得到各环境因子贡献度情况和单一环境变量响应曲线,结合保护区自然地理情况,再构建不同环境因子对驼鹿影响程度的评价模型,定量评价保护区驼鹿生境适宜性。结果表明,该区域影响驼鹿生境分布的主要环境因子是海拔(20.3%)、坡度(11.4%)、距河流距离(11.3%),而坡向、坡位、植被覆盖度对于驼鹿生境影响较小;驼鹿偏好在低海拔、坡度缓和、阳坡、靠近河流、远离人为干扰、覆盖度高的森林区域活动。在保护区内,驼鹿高适宜生境区域面积为424.6 km²,占保护区总面积的18.5%;低适宜生境区域面积为 1 422.9 km²,占保护区总面积的62.0%;不适宜生境区域面积为447.5 km²,占保护区总面积的19.5%。

Moose is a national first-class protected animal in China.Studying the habitat quality of moose is a key step to protect moose population.In this paper,taking Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Natural Reserve as an example,the habitat suitability of moose was evaluated using maximum entropy model(MaxEnt)and habitat suitability index(HSI)model.Moose distribution points data was gathered from unmanned aerial vehicle transect survey,the maximum entropy model was used to get the environmental factor contribution and single environment variable response curve,combined with natural geography of the Reserve,the evaluation model was set up based on the impact of different environmental factors on moose to evaluate the moose habitat suitability of reserve quantitatively.The results showed that altitude(20.3%),slope(11.4%)and distance from river(11.3%)were the main environmental factors affecting the habitat distribution of moose,while slope aspect,slope position and vegetation coverage had less effect on moose habitat.Moose prefer to live in forested area with low altitude,moderate slope,sunny slope,and prefer to live close to river,far away from human disturbance and in areas with high coverage.In the reserve,the area of high suitable habitat for moose is 424.6 km²,accounting for 18.5% of the total area.The area of low suitable habitat is 1 422.9 km²,accounting for 62% of the total area.The area of unsuitable habitat is 447.5 km²,accounting for 19.5% of the total area.