查清野生植物资源的种群数量及生存状况是植物多样性保护的基础。《中华人民共和国野生植物保护条例》中明确指出,野生植物行政主管部门应当定期组织国家重点保护野生植物和地方重点保护野生植物资源调查,建立资源档案。为此,我国于2012年启动第二次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查。基于此次调查数据,介绍了283种我国重点保护野生植物的种群数量、群落面积、就地保护状况等,并通过与第一次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查数据的对比分析,讨论了近十年野生植物资源变化的原因。从建立野生植物资源监管平台、完善植物多样性保护体系、开展野生植物拯救保护工程建设等方面提出整体提升我国野生植物保护管理水平的对策建议。

Accurate data on the population and survival status of wild plant are the basis for the plant diversity conservation.The Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wild Plants make it clear that the wild plants administrative departments should periodically organize surveys of national key protected wild plants,and establish wild plants resource archives.Therefore,China launched the second national survey of national key protected wild plants in 2012.Based on the survey data,the population,community area and in situ conservation status of 283 species of national key protected wild plants in China are reported.Reasons for the changes of wild plant resources over the past 10 years are also discussed through comparative analysis between the first and second national survey of national key protected wild plants.In order to advance conservation and management of wild plants in China,several countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,including establishing a national platform for wild plant supervision and management,improving the plant diversity conservation system,and carrying out the wild plant rescue and conservation projects.