2017—2020年,对思茅区亚洲象进行追踪监测,以第三次全国国土调查为基础数据,开展外业调查获得2020年土地利用类型数据,分析土地利用变化对亚洲象种群分布的关联性;对思茅区亚洲象栖息地适宜性进行预测和等级分析。结果表明:1)亚洲象喜欢在海拔600~1 150m、坡度0°~20°、东北和东南方位、距离硝塘和河流较近、外界干扰较少的区域活动;适宜亚洲象的栖息地面积仅占思茅区总面积的14%,生境破碎化严重。2)2009—2019年,思茅区土地利用变化主要表现为林地、耕地和草地面积减小并转化为其他地类;种植园地、建设用地与水域面积增加,种植园地年均增长率达到3.9%,土地利用变化是导致亚洲象的适宜栖息地不断减少和破碎化的主要原因。3)2017—2020年,亚洲象在林地的活动占总监测次数的54.9%,这表明林地是亚洲象栖息活动的重要土地利用类型。

Based on the tracking and monitoring of Asian Elephants in Simao District of Yunnan Province during 2017 to 2020,and field survey for the land-utilization types in 2020,then combining with the background data of the third national-land survey in 2009 and 2019,this paper analyzed the correlation between land-utilization and Asian Elephant population distribution.The habitat suitability for Asian Elephant in Simao District were predicted and evaluated.The main results were as follows:1) Asian Elephant favoured to live in the regions where were 600~1 150 m of elevation,0°~20°of slope,northeast and southeast,close to the pond and river,less external interference.suitable habitat regions were only accounted for 14% with severe habitat fragmentation.2) From 2009 to 2019,the characteristics of land use type in Simao District were changed as follows:the areas for woodland,farmland and grassland were decreased and transfered into other types.While the land areas for plantation,construction and water storage were increased,plantation with an annual growth rate by 3.9%.Land use change was the main reason for decreased and fragmentation of the suitable habitat for Asian Elephant.3) The resaults of Asian Elephant monitoring during 2017-2020 showed that the activity frequency of Asian Elephant in the woodlands accounted for 54.9%.It indicated that woodland was an important place for the habitation of Asian Elephant.