基于云南省天保工程区1998年和2020年森林资源二类调查数据和森林生态系统服务全指标体系连续观测与清查数据,参照《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》,应用分布式测算方法,对云南省天保工程区森林生态系统的保育土壤、林木养分固持、涵养水源、固碳释氧、净化大气环境、生物多样性保护等6项生态系统服务功能进行评估,并探讨其生态效益的形成与增长机制,旨在清晰地展现云南省天保工程的显著成效,为不同地区科学开展林业生态建设工程、及时调整林业发展方向、推进天然林资源后续的保护和发展提供科学依据和技术支撑,促进天然林资源的进一步保护和发展。结果表明:1)从时间尺度上看,20年间,云南省天保工程区森林生态系统服务功能的物质量和价值量均呈现上升趋势。2)2020年,云南省天保工程区的森林生态系统服务功能总价值量为9 171.89亿元/a,其中,生物多样性保护功能价值量为3 432.16亿元/a,涵养水源功能价值量为2 311.08亿元/a,净化大气环境功能库价值量为1 144.94亿元/a,表明云南省天保工程区森林生态系统发挥着“绿色基因库”“绿色水库”“净化环境氧吧库”的重要作用。3)1998—2020年,云南省天保工程的森林生态系统服务功能与森林资源禀赋、政策引导密不可分,在这些因素的综合影响下,各项森林生态系统服务功能的物质量和价值量均呈现出不同程度的增加态势。

Based on the second-class survey data and ecological connection data of forest resources about Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province in 1998 and 2020,and according to the China national standard of "Specification for Evaluation of Forest Ecosystem Service Functions",this study applies the distributed calculation method to evaluate the service functions of forest ecosystem,including soil conservation,nutrient accumulationn,water conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,purification of atmospheric environment and biodiversity conservation in the Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province,and explores the formation and growth mechanism of its ecological benefits.The study aims to clearly demonstrate the remarkable results of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Yunnan Province,to provide scientific basis and technical support for different regions to carry out forestry ecological construction projects scientifically,to adjust the direction of forestry development in time,to promote subsequent protection and development of natural forest resources,and to promote further protection and development of natural forest resources.The results show that:(1) From the perspective of time scale,the quality and value of forest ecosystem service functions in Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province have shown an upward trend in the past 20 years.(2) In 2020,the total value of forest ecosystem services in Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province was 917.189 billion yuan/a,of which the functional value of biodiversity conservation was 343.216 billion yuan/a,the functional value of water conservation was 231.108 billion yuan/a,and the functional value of purifying the atmospheric environment was 114.494 billion yuan/a,indicating that the forest ecosystem of Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province plays an important role as the "green gene pool","green water reservoir" and "environmental purification oxygen bar bank".(3) From 1998 to 2020,the forest ecosystem service work of Natural Forest Protection Project in Yunnan Province was inseparable from the forest resource endowment and policy guidance,and under the combined influence of both mentioned above,the physical quantity and value of various forest ecosystem service functions showed an increase trend of different degrees.