基于森林资源调查数据,使用综合能力蓄水法评估了拱拢坪国有林场(以下简称林场)水源涵养功能及其空间差异性。结果表明:1) 林场林地面积共3 233.3 hm²,水源涵养总量为336.964 7万m³,单位面积水源涵养量1 042.17 t/hm²。其中,林冠层截留量为124.493 6万m³,枯落物层持水量为9.517 3万m³,土壤层蓄水量为202.953 7万m³。2) 温性针叶林、暖性针叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林等3种森林类型对整个森林生态系统的贡献率高达81.39%,暖性针阔混交林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林两种森林类型的单位面积水源涵养功能最高。3) 林场水源涵养量分布呈现明显的空间差异,西部区域水源涵养量最高,明显高于东部和中部区域,且中部区域水源涵养量最低。建议加强森林经营,通过调整林分结构,提高林分质量,提升水源涵养功能。

Based on the forest resource survey data,we evaluated water conservation function and its spatial difference of Gonglongping state-owned forest farm by comprehensive method for water storage capacity assessment.It showed that 1) forest area of the forest farm was 3233.3hm²,with a total water conservation capacity of 3369.647×10³m³,and a water conservation capacity of 1042.17 t/hm² per unit.Water storage capacity of canopy,litter layer and soil layer of forest were 1244.936×10³m³,95.173×10³m³ and 2029.537×10³m³,respectively.2) Temperate coniferous forest,warm coniferous forest and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest contributed 81.39% of water storage capacity of the forest ecosystem.In terms of water conservation capacity per unit area,warm coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest as well as evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest were the highest.3) Water conservation capacity in the forest farm showed an obvious spatial difference:in the western area it was the highest and significantly higher than that in the eastern and central areas,and in the central area it was the lowest.Overall,it will be a long-term goal of the forest farm to improve water conservation capacity.It is necessary to pay more attention to forest management and promotion of water conservation capacity by optimizing stand structure and improving stand quality.