基于景观流域理念对黄土梁子国有林场进行森林功能区的划分,采用森林优化仿真系统(FSOS),基于模拟退火算法优化了不同森林类型的采伐任务。结果表明:黄土梁子国有林场森林功能区共划分为水土保持林功能修复区、森林公园游憩林区和种质资源培育区,其中水土保持林功能修复区占比最高,达到95.0%;国有林场内主要森林类型共划分为人工单层油松水保林、刺槐萌生水保林、人工落叶松油松混交水保林、人工落叶松水保林和人工阔叶混交水保林5种,其中,人工单层油松水保林占比最高,达到34.1%,人工阔叶混交水保林占比最低,仅为0.2%;人工单层油松水保林、刺槐萌生水保林、人工落叶松油松混交水保林、人工落叶松水保林和人工阔叶混交水保林年采伐量优化结果分别为3 500,1 200,600,1 000,100 m³。若严格按FSOS系统优化的采伐任务执行,以上森林类型在未来60年后均可实现可持续收获。5种不同森林类型的优化结果显示,FSOS系统能有效适应复杂的林分结构,实现近期任务与长远目标相结合,符合新型森林经营方案编制的理念。

In this study,the forest functional areas of Huangtuliangzi forest farm were divided based on the concept of landscape watershed.The logging tasks of different forest types were optimized by using forest simulation optimization system(FSOS) and simulated annealing algorithm.The results showed that the forest functional area of Huangtuliangzi forest farm was divided into soil and water conservation forest functional restoration area,forest park recreational forest area and germplasm resource cultivation area,in which the proportion of soil and water conservation forest functional restoration area was the highest,reaching 95.0%;The main forest types are divided into five types:artificial single-layer Pinus tabulaeformis water conservation forest,Robiniapseudoacacia sprouting water conservation forest,artificial Larix gmelinii and Pinus tabulaeformis mixed water conservation forest,artificial larch water conservation forest,and artificial broad-leaved mixed water conservation forest.The proportion of artificial single-layer Pinus tabulaeformis water conservation forest was the highest,reaching 34.1%,and the proportion of artificial broad-leaved mixed water conservation forest was the lowest,only 0.2%.The annual logging volume optimization results of artificial single-layer Pinus tabulaeformis water conservation forest,Robiniapseudoacacia sprouting water conservation forest,artificial Larix gmelinii and Pinus tabulaeformis mixed water conservation forest,artificial larch water conservation forest and artificial broad-leaved mixed water conservation forest were 3 500 m³,1 200 m³,600 m³,1 000 m³ and 100 m³,respectively.If the logging tasks optimized by FSOS system were strictly followed,the above forest types could achieve sustainable harvest in the next 60 years.The optimization results of five different forest types showed that FSOS system could effectively adapt to complex stand structure,predict stand growth,combine short-term tasks with long-term objectives,and comply with the concept of Innovative Forest Management and Restoration Plan scheme.