森林草原火灾被联合国列为世界八大自然灾害之一,不仅严重破坏森林资源和生态环境,而且对人民生命财产和公共安全产生极大危害。我国幅员辽阔,森林草原火灾防控任务繁重,防火一直是林草工作的头等大事。党和国家机构改革后,森林草原火灾预防,防火巡护、火源管理、防火设施建设,以及组织指导地方林业草原部门进行火情早期处理等工作主要由国家林业和草原局负责。《生态保护和修复支撑体系重大工程建设规划(2021—2035年)》作为全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体规划的9个专项规划之一,在增强森林草原等重点生态资源保护能力方面,明确了要开展森林草原防灭火支撑体系建设,为新时期做好森林草原防火工作提供了根本遵循。通过梳理当前森林草原防火工作面临的形势,从气候、林情、社情等角度,从责任制度、能力建设等多尺度,提出健全预防体系、加强早期火情处理、提升保障能力的新时期林草防火体系构建思路,为推动森林草原防火工作高质量发展提供参考。

Forest and grassland fire is listed by the United Nations as one of the eight natural disasters in the world,which not only severely damages forest resources and ecological environment,but also causes great harm to people's lives,property and public safety.China has a vast territory,and the task of forest and grassland fire prevention and control is arduous.Fire prevention has always been the top priority of forestry and prataculture.After the reform of the government institutions,National Forestry and Grassland Administration is mainly responsible for forest and grassland fire prevention,carrying out fire prevention patrols,fire source management,daily inspection,publicity and education,construction of fire prevention facilities,and organizing local forestry and grassland departments to deal with early fires.The major project construction plan for ecological protection and restoration support system is one of the nine special plans in the overall plan for the national major ecological system protection and restoration major project,clarifies that in enhancing the protection capacity of important ecological resources such as forests and grasslands.It is necessary to carry out the construction of forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishment support systems,which provides a fundamental basis for forest and grassland fire prevention in the new era.By understanding and grasping the current situation of forest and grassland fire prevention work,this paper proposed thoughts on the construction of forest and grass fire prevention system,strengthening the early fire situation and improving the guarantee ability in the new era from the perspectives of climate,forest conditions,social conditions,and from the responsibility system,capacity building and other multi-scale.The system construction ideas provided a references for promoting the high-quality development of forest and grassland fire prevention work.