为探明立地条件对绿竹笋产量和品质的影响,为绿竹笋用林栽培过程中立地选择和竹笋品质提升提供科学依据,研究立竹度和管理措施相对一致的3种立地(低山丘陵地、农田耕作地、河滩冲积地)上绿竹笋的产量、形体指标与营养物质的含量,并通过冗余分析(RDA)确定影响竹笋形体和营养成分的土壤因子。结果表明:1)农田耕作地土壤肥力优于低山丘陵地,并同时显著优于河滩冲积地;2)农田耕作地产笋量最高(16 990 kg/hm²),3a生绿竹和无立竹地下竹蔸几乎无产笋能力:3)低山丘陵地和农田耕作地竹笋形体指标优于河滩冲积地,其中,低山丘陵地商品笋重量、去壳净重、可食率指标均最高,农田耕作地笋基径、笋长指标均最高;3种立地1a生和2a生竹所产笋形体指标均显著优于3a生竹所产笋:4)低山丘陵地竹笋营养最高,低山丘陵地和农田耕作地可溶性糖、粗蛋白质和氨基酸总量3项指标均显著高于河滩冲积地,而粗纤维含量显著低于河滩冲积地:5)RDA分析标明,土壤中的全N(贡献度27.3%)、全K(贡献度22.2%)、速效K(贡献度11.0%)和碱解N(贡献度10.7%)含量是影响竹笋形体指标的主要因子,而土壤全P(贡献度89.6%)和pH(贡献度4.3%)是影响竹笋营养成分的主要因子。

In order to explore the effects of site conditions on yield and quality of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami shoots and provide scientific basis for site selection and improvement of bamboo shoot quality in the process of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami shoot forest cultivation,this paper studied the yield,shape index and nutrient content of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami shoots on three sites with relatively consistent management measures (low mountain and hilly land,farmland and alluvial land),and the soil factors affecting the shape and nutrient composition of bamboo shoots were determined by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that:(1)the soil fertility of farmland was better than that of low mountain and hilly land,and significantly better than that of alluvial land; (2) The amount of bamboo shoots in farmland cultivation was the highest (16 990 kg/hm²),the 3-year-old green bamboo and non standing bamboo underground bamboo stumps had almost no ability to produce bamboo shoots; (3)The shape indexes of bamboo shoots in low mountain and hilly land and farmland were better than those in alluvial land. The weight,shelled net weight and edible rate of commercial bamboo shoots in low mountain and hilly land were the highest,and the basal diameter and length of bamboo shoots in farmland were the highest; The shape indexes of 1 and 2-year-old shoots in the three sites were significantly better than that of 3-year-old bamboo shoots; (4)The nutrition of bamboo shoots in low mountain and hilly land was the highest,the total amount of soluble sugar,crude protein and amino acids in low mountain and hilly land and farmland cultivated land were significantly higher than those in alluvial land,while the content of crude fiber was significantly lower than that in alluvial land; (5) RDA analysis indicated that the contents of total N (the contribution is 27.3%),total K (the contribution is 22.2%),available K (the contribution is 11.0%) and alkali hydrolyzed N (the contribution is 10.7%) in soil were the main factors affecting the shape components of bamboo shoots,the total soil P (the contribution is 89.6%) and pH (the contribution is 4.3%) were the main factors affecting the nutritional indexes of bamboo shoots.