以最新四大“火炉城市”之首福州市为研究地点,从热环境的角度出发,以口袋公园为研究对象,通过热环境实测数据对口袋公园与城市热环境的关系进行分析,探讨口袋公园的景观特征以及城市设计指标与城市热环境的关系,为未来口袋公园的建设和优化提供建议。结果表明:1)口袋公园在白天和夜间比周围城市街道要凉爽,在微尺度上可以改善城市热环境;2)口袋公园绿化覆盖率、面积、形状指数与热环境存在负相关关系。当口袋公园周长小于300m时,其与平均温度的关系是正相关,当口袋公园周长大于300m时,其与温度的关系是负相关关系;3)建筑密度与口袋公园的空气温度呈现显著的正相关关系,在夜间却显示得比较微弱;容积率与温度呈现抛物线关系,容积率超过一定数值(1.25)可以降低环境温度;4)口袋公园绿化覆盖率和形状指数对周边环境降温程度具有一定的影响,绿化覆盖率越大,形状指数越复杂,降温幅度越大。

This article took Fuzhou City,the head of the latest four "furnace cities" as the research site. From the perspective of thermal environment,it took pocket parks as the research object,analyzed the relationship between pocket parks and the urban thermal environment through thermal environment measurement data,and discussed the relationship between the landscape characteristics of pocket parks and urban design indicators and urban thermal environment so as to provide suggestions for the construction and optimization of future pocket parks. The results showed that: 1) Pocket parks were cooler than surrounding city streets during the day and night,and can improve the urban thermal environment on a micro-scale. 2) Green coverage,area,shape index of pocket parks and thermal environment were negatively correlated,when the perimeter of the park was less than 300m,the relationship with the average temperature was positive,when the pocket park was greater than 300m,the relationship with the temperature was negative. 3) The building density had a significant positive relationship with the air temperature of the pocket park. At night,the display was relatively weak,the plot ratio had a parabolic relationship with the temperature,and the plot ratio exceeded a certain value (1.25) to reduce the ambient temperature. 4) The green coverage rate and shape index of the pocket park had a certain impact on the cooling degree of the surrounding environment. The greater the coverage,the more complex the shape index and the greater the temperature drops.