以地处三峡库区腹心的石柱县为样区,利用2002,2012和2019年3期森林资源二类调查与林地年度变更数据,在ArcGIS支持下,应用InVEST模型对森林生态系统的主要服务功能进行定量评估,并运用灰色关联法识别影响森林生态服务功能变化的动力因素。结果表明:1)2002—2019年间样区土壤保持、水源涵养、水质净化功能均呈方斗山、七曜山区较高,沿江平坝和方斗-七曜山所夹槽谷区较低的空间格局;2)2002—2019年间样区森林生态服务功能变化显著,土壤保持功能增长155%,水源涵养增加41%,水质净化提高47%;3)2002—2019年间林地各类型单位面积平均土壤保持量、水源涵养量、N与P输出量大小均以有林地为首,有林地对森林生态系统服务功能变化的影响起决定作用;4)森林面积是影响土壤保持、水源涵养、水质净化功能的主要因素,天然林保护等林业建设工程对森林面积增加做出巨大贡献。人口的增加、流动以及人为活动等因素同样也会对服务功能的变化产生较大影响。

Based on Shizhu County,located in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this paper uses the forest resources survey data in 2002,2012 and 2019 and the annual forest land change survey data,and uses the InVEST model to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the major service functions of forest ecosystem based on the evaluation results of using the gray correlation method to discuss the motivation factors that influence functional change of forest ecological service.The results show that:Between 2002 and 2019,the soil preservation,water conservation and water purification functions of the study area showed the higher of Fangdou Mountain and Qiyao Mountain,the lower spatial pattern of the river ridge flat dam area and the reservoir area of the Fangdou-Qiyao Mountain Range;Between 2002 and 2019,the function of forest ecological service changed significantly,the soil maintenance function increased by 155%,the water conservation function increased by 41%,and the water purification function increased by 47%;In the period 2002-2019,forest land took the lead in average soil retention,water conservation,N and P output,which played a decisive role in forest ecosystem services;Forest area is the main factor affecting soil retention,water conservation and water purification function.Natural forest protection projects and other forestry construction projects have made a great contribution to increase the forest area.Factors such as population growth,mobility and human activities can also have different effects on changes in service function.