为摸清掌握桫椤科植物资源在海南的分布规律及保护状况,采用实测法与样方法对海南岛野生桫椤科植物开展全面调查,采用方差均值比率法分析桫椤科植物种群分布格局,通过单因素方差分析探究不同类型保护地对桫椤科植物的保护效果。结果表明海南岛:1)分布有阴生桫椤、桫椤、大叶黑桫椤、黑桫椤和白桫椤等5种桫椤科植物,隶属2属;2)桫椤科植物主要集中分布于五指山市、琼中县、陵水县和白沙县等中南部山区,主要分布于坡度平缓、400~1 000m的中高海拔阴坡地区40%~80%的中等偏高郁闭度的热带雨林中,常群生在林下或河边、溪谷两旁的阴湿之地,在林缘灌丛中也有零散分布;3)5个桫椤科物种种群密度有较大差别,分布格局均为集群分布;4)自然保护区内桫椤科植物的多样性和密度均高于自然保护区外,减少人为干扰对桫椤科植物的多样性保护和类群密度恢复有一定效果。

In order to master the distribution characteristics and protection status of Cyatheaceae resources in Hainan,a general investigation of wild Cyatheaceae was conducted in Hainan Island by using spot and sample survey.Method of variance to mean ratio was used in the analysis of Cyatheaceae population distribution pattern.One-way ANOVA was used to explore the protective effects of sample sites under different protection status.The results showed that:1) In Hainan Island,there are five native Cyatheaceae species,which were classified into two genera,including Alsophila latebrosa,Alsophila spinulosa,Alsophila gigantea,Alsophila podophylla and Sphaeropteris brunoniana.2) In Hainan Island,Cyatheaceae are mainly found in central and southern mountain area such as Wuzhishan City,Qiongzhong County,Lingshui County and Baisha County,mainly distributed in tropical rainforests with a medium and high elevation range of 400~1 000m,a gentle shady slope range,and a medium and higher canopy density range of 40%~80%,forming clusters in moist biotopes such as understory,valleys and riverside,sometimes scattering in shrubs of forest edge.3) Population densities of five Cyatheaceae are quite different,and the spatial distribution patterns of five Cyatheaceae populations are all clustered.4) Compared with outside of natural reserves,species diversity and population density of Cyatheaceae have increased in natural reserves,indicating that reducing human interference has certain effect on the protection of species diversity and the recovery of population density of Cyatheaceae.