以耕地为对照,对花江峡谷示范区5种典型退耕还林还草地土壤结构特性及抗蚀性进行研究和评价。结果表明,与耕地相比,5种退耕模式均增加了土壤有机质含量、土壤团聚状况和团聚度,而降低了土壤分散率。除退耕车桑子地降低了>0.25mm团粒含量和增加结构破坏率外,其他几种退耕模式均降低了土壤结构破坏率。以模糊隶属度模型对研究区土壤抗蚀性进行评价,不同退耕模式土壤抗蚀性指数表现为退耕香椿林(0.547)>退耕撂荒地(0.481)>退耕油桐林(0.468)>退耕车桑子地(0.460)>退耕花椒地(0.307)>耕地(0.285)。综合分析表明,退耕后区域土壤抗蚀性有了明显提高,土壤生态功能得到改善,促进植被自然恢复和减少人为干扰是比较适宜的植被恢复方式和控制土壤侵蚀的有效措施。
Soil structure and anti-erodibility under five vegetation restoration types including abandoned farmland(AF),Zanthoxylum bungeanum(ZB),Dodonaea viscosa(DV),Toona sinensis(TS)and Vernicia fordii(VF)were studied in Huajiang canyon demonstration area,Guizhou province with a farmland(CT) as control.The results showed that soil anti-erodibility was improved obviously compared with farmland.All the five de-farming land increased soil organic matter,aggregate reunion condition and reunion degree,while decreased dispersion rate.Aggregate structural damage rate decreased compared with farmland except Dodonaea viscosa.The anti-erodibility index was evaluated by fuzzy membership model,and the order of anti-erodibility with different vegetation restoration types was:TS>AF>VF>DV>ZB>CT.It is suggested that soil anti-erodibility and ecosystem function under restored vegetation is better than that under farmland,natural restoration without human disturbance could be the more adaptive type of vegetation and the better measure for soil erosion control in karst regions.
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