北京山区泥石流较为发育。泥石流活动与区域特殊的自然条件和人类活动密切相关。选择北京密云水库上游集水区为研究区,在RS和GIS技术支持下,定量分析研究区内土地利用方式对泥石流的敏感性。研究发现:易导致泥石流灾害发生的土地利用方式依次为8～15°的疏林地、<8°的其他建设用地、15～25°的疏林地和中覆盖度草地。研究成果对于指导土地利用方式、布局水土保持工程及减少泥石流危害等具有一定的参考意义。
Debris flows in Beijing mountains area are well developed.Debris flow activities are closely related with the area of the special natural conditions and human activities.With Beijing Miyun reservoir upstream watershed as an example,under the support of RS and GIS,the sensitivity of different kinds of land use on debris flows was systematically calculated.On the basis of integrated analysis,the most vulnerable land use types to debris flow disaster are open forest land at the slope of 8 degree to 15 degree,construction land at the slope of less than 8 degree,sparse grass coverage and medium coverage grass land at the slope of 15 degree to 25 degree.Research results could be used to guide the land use type and the layout of soil and water conservation engineering and so on with certain reference significance.
[1]宋杨,程维明,柏延臣,等.密云水库周边山区滑坡泥石流易发区预估[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(3):343-351.
[2]何易平,马泽忠,谢洪,等.基于GIS的土地利用类型与山地灾害敏感性分析—以云南省昆明市东川区为例[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):177-181.
[3]吴水荣,马天乐.水源涵养林生态补偿经济分析[J].林业资源管理,2001(1):27-31.
[4]吴斌,高甲荣,甘敬,等.北京山区泥石流灾害现状及防治对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):1-6.
[5]王海芝.北京山区泥石流分布区的地形地貌特征[J].城市地质,2008,3(4):19-21.
[6]谢贤健,韦方强,兰代萍.小江流域滑坡对土地利用的敏感性[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):115-123.
[7]刘德成,邵胜军.北京市房山区泥石流及其防治[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(4):62-64.
[8]钟敦伦,谢洪,刘世建,等.北京山区柯太沟泥石流[J].山地学报,2000,18(3):212-216.
[9]赵忠海.北京市山区泥石流灾害的发育特征及预报方法探讨[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(3):5-10.
[10]陈晓清,崔鹏,韦方强.良好植被区泥石流防治初探[J].山地学报,2006,24(3):333-339.
[11]李树德,岳升阳,徐海鹏.森林植被与泥石流活动[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(2):30-31.
[12]施蕾蕾,陈宁生,杨成林,等.娃娃沟流域泥石流活动与植被关系探讨[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):96-104.
[13]王了得.舟曲县森林植被破坏与泥石流成因分析及防治对策[J],甘肃科技,2012,28(7):153-154.[14]Liu X L,Yue Z Q,Tham L G,et al.Empirical assessment of debris flow risk on a regional scale in Yunnan province,south-western China[J].Environmental Management,2002,30(2):249-264.
[15]Costa J E.Physical geomorphology of debris flows[C]//Costa J E,Fleischer P J.Developments and Applications in Geomorphology.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984:268-317.
[16]李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域—土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996,51(6):553-558.
[17]张丽谦,韩海荣,刘利,等.山地森林生态脆弱性评价指标体系构建与应用—以北京百花山自然保护区为例[J].林业资源管理,2011(1):67-71.
[18]秦永胜.北京密云水库集水区水源保护林土壤侵蚀控制机理与模拟研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2001.
[19]谢春华.北京密云水库集水区森林景观生态健康研究[D].北京林业大学,2006.
[20]数据来源于中国科学院计算机网络信息中心.地理空间数据云[EB/OL].[2013-10-01].http://www.gscloud.cn.
[21]中国地质环境监测院.中国典型县(市)地质灾害易发程度分区图集·华北东北卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:1-255.
[22]刘成.坡面泥石流形成可能性的综合评判研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[23]何易平,马泽忠,谢洪,等.长江上游地区不同土地利用方式对山地灾害的敏感性分析—以金沙江一级支流小江流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(4):528-533.
[24]刘旭升,张晓丽.基于BP神经网络的森林植被遥感分类研究[J].林业资源管理,2005(1):51-54.
[25]Uromeihy A,Mahdavifar M R.Landslide hazard zonation of the Khorshrostam area,Iran[J].Bull.Eng.Geo.Environ.,2000,58:207-213.
[26]兰恒星,伍法权,周成虎,等.基于GIS的云南小江流域滑坡因子敏感性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1500-1506.
[27]He Y P,Xie H,Zhong D L,et al.GIS-based hazard mapping and zonation of debris flow in Xiaojiang Basin,southwestern China[J].Environmental Geology,2003,45(2):286-293.
[28]Rautela P,Lakhera R C.Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya(India)[J].JAG,2000,2(3):153-160.
[29]Ma Zezhong,He Yiping.Gis-based mapping and zonation of landslide hazards in Xiaojiang Valley of Southwestern China[J].Wuhan University of Natural Sciences,2003,8(3b):1021-1028.
