以群落样方为一维综合资源位,在北京雾灵山自然保护区天然次生林内选择2个有代表性的群落进行生态位研究,并用空间代替时间的方法以生态位的变化分析各种群在群落演替过程中的地位和发展动态。结果表明:1)群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ处在同一演替序列上的不同演替阶段,群落Ⅱ为群落Ⅰ后期的演替阶段。2)白桦属于生态位衰退型树种;蒙椴、蒙古栎属于生态位扩展型树种;白桦、黑桦、红桦、元宝枫属于生态位稳定型树种;大果榆属于生态位敏感型树种。3)群落Ⅱ阶段比群落Ⅰ阶段的生态位重叠值高,种间竞争更激烈。4)群落Ⅱ中桦树种群随着演替继续进行会衰退,群落将形成椴树和栎类混交林。
Niche characteristics of the two natural secondary communities which were chosen in Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve were analyzed by taking community composition types as one-dimension resource states.Niche characteristics of natural secondary forest were used to reveal the phases and the direction of the populations in the succession process on the basis of the substitution of time with space.The results showed: 1) The plant Community typeⅠand typeⅡare in the different succession stages of the same succession sequence,and typeⅡ is the later stage of typeⅠ.2) The Betula platyphylla presented the type of niche declining population; the populations of Tilia mongolica and Quercus mongolica presented the type of niche invasive population; all the populations of Betula platyphylla,Betula,dahurica,Betula albo-sinensis and Acer truncatum presented the type of niche stable population; the Ulmus macrocarpa presented the type of niche sensitive population.3)TypeⅡhave higher interspecies niche overlap value and more extensive competition than typeⅠ.4)The populations of birch of typeⅡwould decline in the succession process,and the community would become the mixed forest of Linden and Oak.
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