湿地是流域水资源和水循环的重要组成部分,是自然界最富生物多样性的生态系统和人类最重要的生存环境之一,它不仅为人类的生产、生活提供多种资源,而且具有巨大的生态环境功能和效益。湿地的水文功能主要包括调蓄洪水、补充地下水、提供水源、保持或改善水质、调节气候、保护海岸带等功能,其独特的水文功能对维持流域生态系统的健康和改善区域生态环境具有十分重要的意义。因此,湿地水文功能的研究已引起国内外学者的关注。本文从湿地水文、水文功能两个方面综述了国内外研究的现状,并指出了目前研究中存在的主要问题及未来研究的发展趋势。
Wetland ecosystems are the most important element of water resources and water cycle of river basin,and are the most important environment for human beings’survival with the highest biodiversity.The wetland ecosystems not only provide many resources for people’s production and living,but also have important ecological and environmental functions and benefits.The wetland hydrological functions mainly include controlling floods,recharging ground water,providing water resources,maintaining or improving water quality,regional climate amelioration,etc.The unique wetland hydrological functions make great contributions to maintenance of the health of river basin ecosystems and regional eco-environment.So many international and national wetland researchers pay treat attention to hydrological functions.The paper summaries the current situation and progresses of study on wetland hydrology and hydrological functions,points out main problems existing in the current study activities and research trends in the future.
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