以湖南福寿国有林场3个龄组杉木生态公益林为研究对象,构建了多功能的水土保持与水源涵养、物种多样性、固碳、生产力4个方面功能共16个指标,对4种林分类型进行多功能效益差异性分析,结果表明不同龄组的杉木生态公益林中,幼龄林物种多样性功能最低,中龄林与近熟林无显著性差异,幼龄林与中龄林的水土保持与水源涵养功能无显著性差异,近熟龄最高,固碳功能和生产力功能均随林龄的增加呈现递增的趋势,且存在显著性差异。影响杉木生态公益林多功能效益低下的主要原因为物种丰富度低,林分结构单一,生物量低下。以近自然可持续经营为指导,对林分进行结构优化,定期对林分进行抚育间伐,补植苦槠、深山含笑等当地乡土阔叶树种,实现杉木生态公益林多功能经营的目标。

Ecological public-welfare Cunninghamia lanceolata forest of 3 age groups in Hunan Fushou State Forest Farm was taken as the research object.A total of 16 indicators in four aspects as soil and water conservation,conservation of headwaters,biodiversity,carbon sequestration and productivity.The analysis of multifunctional efficiency difference for 4 kinds of forest types was conducted.The results showed that in different age groups of ecological public-welfare Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,the diversity function of young forest species was minimum,there was no significant difference between middle-aged forest and near mature forest,and no significant difference between young forest and middle-aged forest in soil and water conservation and water conservation function,the near mature forest was highest,carbon sequestration function and the function of productivity were increased with increasing of the stand age,and there was significant difference.The main reasons of the low multifunctional efficiency of ecological public-welfare Cunninghamia lanceolata forest were the low species richness,single stand structure and low biomass.As the guide of the nature forest sustainable management,stand structure should be optimized improvement thinning carried out on the stand regularly,Castanopsis sclerophylla,Michelia maudiae and other local indigenous broadleaf tree species replanted to achieve the goal of multifunctional management of ecological public-welfare Cunninghamia lanceolata forest.