共同管理又称参与式管理,是实现国家公园保护与发展目标的有效手段。经过一个多世纪的发展,国际上的国家公园管理逐渐由排他性向包容性转变。我国国家公园目前处于试点建设阶段,在管理体系中引入共同管理,旨在提升管理的包容性和灵活性,对实现自然保育和保障居民福祉的双重可持续性发展目标多有裨益。首先,分析了共同管理发展的国际经验和国内现状;然后,基于“实施共同管理的前期准备与这一过程的后期推进同样重要”这一观点,识别了这一进程的主要利益相关者,分析了在我国国家公园探索实施共同管理的必要性;最后,从政策、制度、经济、共管意愿、社会资本等5个方面做了可行性评估分析,构建了共管意愿和社会资本的可行性评估体系。通过探索分析实施共同管理的前期工作,以期为我国国家公园共同管理建设提供依据。

Co-management,also known as participatory management,is an effective means to achieve the goal of national park protection and development.In the past century,the international management of national parks has developed and gradually changed from an exclusive way to inclusive.At present,China's national parks are in the pilot construction stage.The introduction of co-management in China's national park management system aims to enhance the inclusiveness and flexibility of management,which is beneficial to achieving the dual sustainable development goals of nature conservation and the well-being of people.First,this paper analyzes the international experience and domestic situation of co-management development.Based on the view that “preparation for the implementation of co-management is as important as the later advancement of this process”,the main stakeholders were identified.This paper also analyzes the necessity of exploring and implementing co-management in China's national parks. Finally,it made feasibility assessment and analysis from five aspects:policy,system,economy,co-management willingness and social capital,and constructed a feasibility evaluation system for co-management willingness and social capital.Through the exploration and analysis of the co-management work in the early stage,it is expected to provide a basis for the co-management construction of national parks in China.