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林草资源研究 ›› 2026›› Issue (1): 46-57.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2026.01.005

• 科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

大兴安岭重特大雷击森林火灾时空变化与气象驱动因素分析

赵雅欣1(), 李书杨2, 周相贝1, 宁吉彬1, 王明玉3, 杨光1, 孙建4()   

  1. 1 东北林业大学 森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040
    2 兴安盟林业科学研究所, 内蒙古 兴安盟 137400
    3 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 北京 100091
    4 黑龙江省自然资源权益调查监测院, 哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2026-01-15 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 孙建,高级工程师,主要从事森林防火工作。Email:uskey1027@126.com
  • 作者简介:赵雅欣,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为森林防火。Email:zyx13253383820@163.com

Analysis of spatiotemporal variation and meteorological drivers of major and catastrophic lightning-caused forest fires in the Greater Khingan Mountains

ZHAO Yaxin1(), LI Shuyang2, ZHOU Xiangbei1, NING Jibin1, WANG Mingyu3, YANG Guang1, SUN Jian4()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
    2 Xing'an League Forestry Science Research Institute, Xing'an League 137499,Inner Mongolia, China
    3 Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
    4 Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Natural Resources Rights and Interests Survey and Monitoring, Harbin 150030, China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2026-01-15 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-08-07

摘要:

为掌握大兴安岭重特大雷击火时空分布规律及主要气象驱动因子,设置年、日、月3级尺度,以林业局为基本统计单元,定量分析2002—2023年重特大雷击火时空分布特征;采用逻辑斯蒂回归模型和随机森林模型探究大兴安岭重特大雷击火发生的主要气象驱动因子,探讨不同时间窗口的气象要素对重特大雷击火发生的影响。结果表明:1)2002—2023年共发生重特大雷击火77起,多发生于5—9月,其中6月是集中高发期,主要集中在呼中、奇乾、满归等林业局,呼中林业局最为集中。2)平均气温是主要气象驱动因子,其次是蒸发量、平均相对湿度、日照时数;3)逻辑斯蒂回归模型和随机森林模型均表现良好(AUC值均大于0.85);随机森林区分能力较强(AUC=0.964),预测精度较高(ACC=0.891)。4)雷击火发生前5天(T5)气象要素对大兴安岭重特大雷击火的发生影响最大。研究结果可为大兴安岭重特大雷击火防控提供理论基础和参考依据。

关键词: 大兴安岭, 重特大雷击火, 时空分布, 气象因子

Abstract:

To clarify the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of major and catastrophic lightning-caused forest fires in the Greater Khingan Mountains and the main meteorological drivers,a three-temporal scale (daily,monthly,and annual) was set up.Using forestry bureaus as the basic statistical units to quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics from 2002 to 2023.Logistic regression models and random forest models were used to identify the main meteorological drivers factors for major lightning-caused fires in the Greater Khingan Mountains and to investigate the influence of meteorological elements in different periods (T0—T7) on the occurrence of major lightning-caused fires.The results showed that:1) A total of 77 major and catastrophic lightning-caused fires occurred from 2002 to 2023,mainly from May to September,with June as the peak period.Spatially,they were concentrated in Huzhong,Qiqian and Mangui,especially in Huzhong.2) Mean temperature is the dominant meteorological driver,followed by evaporation,mean relative humidity,and sunshine duration.3) Both the logistic regression and the random forest model performed well (AUC values were all greater than 0.85),and the random forest showed stronger discriminatory ability (AUC=0.964),and higher prediction accuracy (ACC=0.891).4) Meteorological variables 5 days before the fire occurrence (T5) had the greatest impact on the occurrence of major catastrophic lightning-caused forest fires in the Greater Khingan Mountains.The results provide theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and control of major and catastrophic lightning-caused forest fires in the Greater Khingan Mountains.

Key words: Greater Khingan Mountains, major and catastrophic lightning-caused forest fires, spatiotemporal distribution, meteorological drivers

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