Abstract: Based on the summary of the current status of Jatrophadevelopment both in China and around the world, this paper points out the potential threats including land use conversion, nutrient cycling in eco-systems, pollution and water and soil erosion, etc., and proposes measures to prevent the negative impacts from happening in order to achieve sustainability of Jatropha development in the dry-hot valley in southwest of China.

Key words: Jatropha, dry-hot valley, ecology, High Conservation Values(HCV)