Table of Content

28 December 2021, Volume 0 Issue 6

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Method and Enlightenment of 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment Remote Sensing Survey

WANG Wei, YANG Jing, GAO Xianlian, ZENG Weisheng

2021, 0(6):  1-5.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.001

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From 2019 to 2020,China participated in the 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment Remote Sensing Survey (FRA2020 RSS) organized by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO),and completed the tasks within China. This article described the development process of the global forest resources assessment,introduced the system framework and technical methods of FRA2020 RSS,and analyzed the reflection and enlightenment of FRA2020 RSS on the construction of an integrated forest resources monitoring system in China.

Difference Analysis and Integration between Forest Resources Management "One Map" and the Third National Land Survey

CHENG Weiya, ZHANG Zhuoman, WANG Han, JIANG Haiming, JI Min, LI Yinlong

2021, 0(6):  6-11.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.002

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Realizing the substantive integration of basic investigation and special investigation is an important content of natural resources investigation.In order to solve the problems of inconsistent concepts,overlapping contents and contradictory indicators of forest land survey data among different departments,this paper took Huangdao District of Qingdao Citys an example,integrated the "one map" of forest resources management and the data of the third national land survey,and deeply analyzed the differences between them from the perspectives of achievement data,survey boundary,classification standard and survey content.Based on the causes of differences,this paper put forward corresponding solutions and discussed the final data fusion technology,so as to provide effective references for the unified investigation of natural resources.

Institutional Changes and Solutions in the Reform of Collective Forestland "Three Rights Separation"—Take Xinjiang as an Example

ZOU Jianjian, LIU Weizhong

2021, 0(6):  12-18.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.003

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This paper reviewed and analyzed the evolution track and content of collective forest right reform in Xinjiang since the reform and opening up. This paper pointed out the dilemma in the reform process of "three rights separation" of collective forestland,and put forward some solutions in the following aspects:further do a good job in confirming and certifying rights,and carry out the reform of "three rights separation" for collective forestland;improve the collective forest right transfer mechanism,build cross regional forest right management service institutions;cultivate and strengthen the new type of forestry management organizations,and implement the unified management of joint stock system;vigorously develop under-forest economy,and promote the development of third industry of forestry.

The Forest City Development Strategyunder the "14th five-year plan" and National Territory Plan

WANG Daoyang, QIAO Yongqiang, XU Wentong, ZHANG Bolin, ZHAO Siyuan, LIU Yuheng

2021, 0(6):  19-22.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.004

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Focusing on the 14th five-year national planning system of China and transformation of management layout,based on the analysis of the achievements and challenges of forest city development,this paper discussed the development positioning,development goals,forest city development path of the national development plan and the national territorialplan,as well as the overall coordination and connection of the national development plan in the construction key points and construction tasks,and the national territorial plan in the spatial layout and construction projects..This paper also put forward relevant suggestions about the improvement of forest city construction data base and forest city construction index system.

Development of Multivariate Mixed Models for Forest Volume and Biomass

ZENG Weisheng

2021, 0(6):  23-28.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.005

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Based on the data of 1400 sample plots from continuous forest inventory in Beijing,the multivariate regression models between forest volume,biomass and factors including dominant species,age group,mean diameter,stem number,and canopy closure were developed using the mixed model approach. The results showed that the determination coefficients (R²) of the multivariate mixed models for forest volume and biomass were more than 0.8,the mean prediction errors (MPEs) were less than 3%,and the mean percent standard errors (MPSEs) were less than 25%;and for the forest volume and biomass estimates of 10 forest types,the MPEs were less than 15%,and the MPSEs were less than 30%. It is totally feasible in practice to develop multivariate regression models between forest volume,biomass and quantitative,qualitative/indicative factors of forest stands;the data of sample plots in arboreal forest from 9^th national forest inventory can be used to develop multivariate mixed forest volume and biomass models,which would provide important basis for realizing the decomposition of total provincial data to city,county and each sub-compartment on forest map.

Study on Standing Volume Model of Pinus taiwanensisin in Henan

DONG Xiaoming, LUO Yusheng, ZHENG Tiancai, XIE Qijun, CHEN Xiaowei, LI Qiulin, YAN Dongfeng

2021, 0(6):  29-36.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.006

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Based on the sample data of 1102 pine trees in the distribution area of Pinus taiwanensis in Henan Province,which were divided into 776 modeling samples and 300 test samples according to the diameter order distribution,this paper used the least square nonlinear regression modeling method,so as to conduct parameter estimation on the 8 alternative binary standing volume models,6 univariate standing volume models,and 7 ground diameter volume models. Indexes like the sum of squares of deviation,correlation index,total relative error,average value of relative error,average value of absolute value of relative error and prediction accuracy were used for model optimization,the applicability test was carried out by using the test samples through three test indexes: total relative error,average value of absolute value of relative error and F test. The results showed that the optimal model of binary standing volume of Pinus taiwanensiswas variable parameter Yamamoto model;the optimal model of one-dimensional standing volume was Desakoku Meyer model;the optimal model of ground diameter standing volume was determined. The establishment of stand volume model of Pinus taiwanensis and its application in tabulation made up for the defect of no stand volume table in the distribution area of Pinus taiwanensis in Henan Province,and can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of investigation and research of Pinus taiwanensis.

The Inversion of Average Stand Height and Stock Volume based on Normalized Vegetation Point Cloud

WANG Zhaoli, WANG Haowei, YANG Jiale, DUAN Mengqi, MA Shengli

2021, 0(6):  37-42.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.007

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This paper proposed a normalized vegetation point cloud computing method,which used vertical elevation difference characterization between vegetation point cloud and ground point cloud to remove the absolute height value of forest influenced by topography,on this basis,it extracted forest characteristics variables,and used the random forest algorithm to invert and estimate the average tree height and the forest stock volume within the study area. The result showed that this method can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of forest factors,and the fitting accuracy of average tree height and forest stock volume were 0.946 and 0.936,respectively.

Remote Sensing Retrieval and Calibration of Forest Vegetation Carbon Density Based on Time-series Data

WU Heng, XU Hui

2021, 0(6):  43-51.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.008

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Based on the continuous forest inventory data and remote sensing data from 2002 to 2017,parameter models and BP artificial neural network models were established,and the dynamic analysis was carried out. The effects of time phase and estimation scale of remote sensing data on the inversion accuracy were analyzed by using different monthly,quarterly and annual data in 2002.The results showed that the linear relationship between biomass density,carbon storage density and remote sensing indexes was weak,with Pearson correlation coefficient less than 0.60,and there were significant differences between biomass density and carbon storage density in different periods. The fitting determination coefficient of biomass density and carbon density by BP artificial neural network models increased by 0.0705 and 0.0762 on average compared with the parameter models. During the period of 2002 to 2017,the biomass density and carbon density of forest vegetation in Sichuan Province showed an increasing trend assisting GPS precise positioning for timing data calibration,and the dynamic change law of the two was consistent.There were obvious periods of overestimation and underestimation of biomass density and carbon density in remote sensing data inversion,and the estimation effect of quarterly data and annual data was not as good as that of monthly data. Different estimation scales had significant influence on the relative error of remote sensing data inversion.

Biomass Carbon Stocks and Carbon Stock Economic Value of Forests in Beijing

ZHANG Feng, PENG Zuodeng

2021, 0(6):  52-58.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.009

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Based on the forest inventory data of Beijing from the seventh (2004-2008),the eighth (2009-2013) and the ninth (2014-2018),the continuous biomass expansion factor method was used to evaluate the dynamic changes of forest carbon stocks in Beijing during 2004-2018,and the carbon tax assessment method was used to estimate the economic value of the forest carbon sink in Beijing from 2004 to 2018. The results showed that: the forest carbon storage in Beijing was 7.09Tg from 2004 to 2008,9.43Tg from 2009 to 2013,and 15.39Tg from 2014 to 2018. The forest carbon density was 19.94,21.97,and 24.75t/hm²,respectively. The young forest accounted for the highest proportion of total carbon storage,accounting for 52.04%,47.64% and 53.42% in the three inventory periods respectively,while middle forest accounted for 23.05%,24.78% and 21.00% in the same period respectively. The economic value of forest biomass carbon sink in Beijing was 5.075 billion yuan between 2004 to 2008,5.725 billion yuan between 2009 to 2013,and 7.652 billion yuan between 2014 to 2018,the annual increment of economic value of forest biomass carbon sink in 15 years was 171.8 million yuan. The carbon stocks and carbon stock economic value of the forest resources in Beijing showed an increasing trend,but the proportion of young forest and middle forest was relatively high,and the carbon density of forests was low,so the scientific cultivation and management of the forest should be strengthened in order to continuously improve the function and value of the forest carbon sink.

Effectiveness Monitoring and Analysis of Tending Thinning Effect—A Case Study of Dongfanghong Forestry Bureau

ZHANG Jiyuan

2021, 0(6):  59-64.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.010

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The tending thinning and control treatments were set in natural broad-leaved forest and coniferous plantations in Dongfanghong Forestry Bureau,respectively,and the investigation was conducted in 2013 and 2016. The results showed that tending thinning increased the Simpson index and Shannon Weiner index by 35.69% and 25.49% respectively in natural broad-leaved forest,and increased by 73.42% and 61.19% respectively in coniferous plantations. Tending thinning significantly increased the timber volume of broad-leaved forest and coniferous plantations,and the effect of tending thinning was 3.09% and 1.48%,respectively. Tending thinning significantly increased the average annual growth rates of biomass by 4.69% and 16.97% in natural broad-leaved forest and coniferous plantations respectively. Furthermore,tending thinning increased the average annual carbon sequestration and oxygen release of broad-leaved forest by 50.17% and 59.97% respectively,and 59.60% and 59.37% respectively in coniferous plantations.The effect values of tending thinning on biodiversity,timber volume and biomass were all greater than zero,indicating that tending thinning had increased the comprehensive benefits in the both forests.

Characteristics of Ecosystem Changes in Beijing-Hebei Eco-water Source Conservation Forest Region from 2009 to 2018

XIANG Yingying

2021, 0(6):  65-68.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.011

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Based on RS data and ground observation data,this paper compared the change of vegetation sequence in Beijing-Hebei eco-water source conservation forest region before and after the project by NDVI and implementation effect of engineering drawings. The results showed that: 1) From the analysis of the total vegetation index,the growth trend of vegetation kept increasing from 2009 to 2018,and the effect of vegetation restoration reached 17.6%. According to the situation of each county (district) in the project area,the vegetation index also showed an upward trend,especially in Guyuan,Chongli,Fengning and Chicheng Counties. 2) From the analysis of the project implementation effect,the significant proportion of the project effect in 2009-2018 was above 96%. The disturbed phenomenon was decreasing year by year,the overall project effect was good. The results of remote sensing monitoring of project effectiveness were in good agreement with the actual situation,and the accuracy was high.

Niche Characteristics of Main Shrub and Grass Plants under Pinus armandii Forest in Southeast Tibet

YAO Huifang, LU Jie, QU Xingle, WANG Chao, ZHANG Xinsheng, WANG Jianke

2021, 0(6):  69-75.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.012

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Sample plots with Pinus armandii as the constructive species or dominant species were selected for investigation in Nyingchi City,Tibet. Based on the calculation methods of Levins niche breadth,Shannon-Wiener niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap,the main plants in the shrub and grass layer under P. armandii forest were calculated and their niche characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) There were 7 species and 12 species of main plants in shrub layer and herb layer,respectively. In shrub layer,the important value of Syringa pubescens was the largest,and in herb layer,the important value of Fragaria moupinensis was the largest. 2) The species with the largest niche breadth in shrub layer were S. pubescens and Lonicera tangutica, and the smallest niche breadth was Lindera obtusiloba. In herb layer,the largest Levins niche breadth were F. moupinensis,Geranium wilfordii,and Malva sinensis, and the largest niche breadth of Shannon-Wiener were G. wilfordii and G. aparine var. Tenerum. The smallest was Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. 3) The species pairs with the highest overlap in shrub layer were Rosa macrophyllavar. Glandulifera and Berberis diaphana. The species pairs with the lowest degree of overlap were L. obtusiloba and R. macrophyllavar. Glandulifera.The species pairs with the highest niche overlap in the herb layer were Circaea alpina and G. aparine var. Tenerum,The species pairs with the lowest degree of overlap were S. hexandrum and Ophiopogon bodinieri. The competition intensity of herb layer was greater than shrub layer in P. armandii forest in southeast Tibet. The community species had strong utilization ability for resources,which had a certain impact on the growth and development of P. armandii seedlings. The growth conditions of seedlings could be optimized under the premise of maintaining species diversity.

Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Service Functions and Values in Nanjing City

ZUO Songyuan, CHEN Guofu, ZUO Zonggui, LI Yingsheng

2021, 0(6):  76-82.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.013

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In accordance with the Specification for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Service Functions,nine assessment indicators were selected to assess the functions and values of forest ecosystem services in Nanjing,including water conservation,soil conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,nutrient accumulation in forest trees,atmospheric purification,temperature regulation,forest protection,biodiversity conservation and forest recreation,combined with forest resource monitoring and survey data. The results showed that the value of forest ecological services in Nanjing was 30.01 billion RMB/a,and the order of its service value was water conservation>forest tourism>biodiversity>carbon sequestration and oxygen release>air purification>soil conservation>forest protection>nutrient accumulation of forest trees>temperature regulation. Among them,the sum of water conservation,forest tourism,biodiversity and carbon sequestration and oxygen release value accounted for 88.09% of the total value,which were the main service functions of forest ecosystem in Nanjing City.

Research on Estimation of Aboveground Biomass and Scale Conversion for Pinus densata Mast

TANG Jinhao, ZHANG Jialong, CHEN Liye, CHENG Tao

2021, 0(6):  83-89.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.014

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In order to study the impact of scaling up of remote sensing images for forest biomass estimation,this paperused the Nearest Neighbor method,Bilinear Interpolation,Cubic Convolution Interpolation,Local Average method and Pixel Aggregation method to convert original Landsat-8,Sentinel-2A and Spot-7 images to low spatial resolution images in Shangri-La City. Then,this paper combined the aboveground biomass data of Pinus densata Mast. obtained from field surveys and the real image of target scale to establish the biomass estimation models of Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosted Regression Trees (GBRT) respectively,and compared the modeling effects of the two models. The results showed that: after being scaled up by the Nearest Neighbor method,the estimation accuracy (P) of RF and GBRT modeling based on Spot-7 images were 76.65% and 75.55%,respectively.,the P values of the two models based on Sentinel-2 images were 81.78% and 72.74% respectively,which were better than the other four scale conversion methods;The estimation accuracy of the RF estimation (81.78%~63.94%) of the image constructed by the five scale conversion methods was better than the estimation accuracy of GBRT (75.55%~61.03%). Sentinel-2A images were more suitable for scaling up to estimate forest biomass. The study results can provide reference for the selection of scale conversion methods and biomass estimation models.

Estimation of Leaf Nitrogen of Betula Platyphylla in Burned Area of Daxing'anling,Inner Mongolia

YANG Xiaoyu, WANG Bing, ZHANG Pengjie

2021, 0(6):  90-96.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.015

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Taking the burned areas in Daxing'anling of Inner Mongolia in 1987 and 2003 as the study area and Betula Platyphylla leaves as the research object,the spectral bands with strong correlation with the nitrogen content were selected,and the optimal prediction model of nitrogen content was constructed by multiple stepwise regression and nonlinear regression methods. The results showed that: 1) the nitrogen content of Betula platyphylla leaves in burned areas of 1987 and 2003 were 25.22 and 17.23 g/kg,respectively. The trend of leaf spectral curves in two areas was consistent,and the difference was only reflected in the "green peak" and "red edge". 2) According to the correlation coefficients between leaf nitrogen content and measured spectrum and its first derivative,67 bands (1987) and 40 bands (2003) were selected. 3) The multiple stepwise regression model and nonlinear regression model of nitrogen content of Betula platyphylla leaves were established by using the high correlation bands as independent variables. The prediction effect of multiple stepwise regression model was better than that of nonlinear regression model. The change of nitrogen content will affect the spectral sensitivity of plants. The more nitrogen content,the lower the spectral reflectance at green band and near infrared band was;The multiple stepwise regression model can be used to predict the nitrogen content of Betula platyphylla leaves in the burned area of Daxing'anling.

Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon,Nitrogen and Nutrient Characteristics of Different Plant Communities in Dongzhai Port

CHEN Xiaohua, CHEN Zongzhu, LEI Jinrui, WU Tingtian, LI Yuanling

2021, 0(6):  97-104.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.016

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This paper conducted the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial biomass,carbon and nitrogen,and nutrient content of different mangrove plant communities in Dongzhai Port. The results showed that:1) The variation ranges of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN) were 135.83-1 171.24 mg/kg and 35.13-232.89 mg/kg,respectively. The variation laws of MBC and MBN contents among different plant communities were basically the same and there were significant differences. Among them,the soil MBC and MBN contents of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa communities were the lowest. 2)The average soil TC∶TN∶TP of Dongzhai Port was 76∶4∶1,average MBC∶MBN was 5∶1. There were significant differences in soil nutrients,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and in their stoichiometric ratios among communities with different tree species at different locations.3)Correlation analysis showed that there was a close relationship between soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil nutrients in Dongzhai Port mangrove wetland,which could be used as an early biological indicator of soil carbon and nitrogen change in this area.

Study on the Characteristics of Old Natural Forest of Castanopsis tibetana in Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve of Fujian Province

DENG Yuande, LIU Zhizhong, XU Xiuping

2021, 0(6):  105-110.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.017

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The characteristics of old natural forest of Castanopsis tibetana in Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve of Fujian Province were studied by phytocoenology investigation in the method of temporary sample strip plot. The results showed that the stand was composed of 21 tree species in tree layer. The stand dominant species was Castanopsis tibetana of which important value and growing stock in whole stand were 36.2% and 71.4% respectively. The species richness (R),Shannon-Wiener index (SW),evenness (E) and ecological dominance (ED) in tree layer were 21,3.70,0.50 and 0.105 respectively,and they were 4,1.11,0.20 and 0.571 respectively in tree sub-layerⅠ,and 21,3.91,0.56 and 0.041 respectively in tree sub-layerⅡ. The species richness (R),Shannon-Wiener index (SW),evenness (E) and ecological dominance (ED) in shrub layer were 44,4.63,0.61 and 0.060 respectively. The stand average DBH,height,density and growing stock were 29.6 cm,15.7 m,790 N/hm ² and 395.5 m³/hm² respectively,and they were 50.0 cm,18.1 m,214 N/hm² and 329.4 m³/hm² respectively in tree sub-layerⅠ,and 16.4 cm,11.4 m,576 N/hm² and 66.1 m³/hm² respectively in tree sub-layerⅡ.

Thinning Effects on the Survival of Interplanting Trees Under Pinus massoniana Plantation

ZUO Zonggui, ZUO Songyuan

2021, 0(6):  111-117.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.018

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Two kinds of artificial replanting broadleaved tree specieswere used as the research objects to study the survival of replanting tree species under Pinus massoniana plantation after four thinning intensities (T0:0%,T1:25%,T2:45%,T3:65%),which had been monitored for 11 years. The results showed that the survival rate of Schima superba was the highest under moderate thinning,and the survival rate of Erythrophleumfordii was the highest under light thinning in the early growth stage,and then the survival rate would be the highest under moderate thinning after forest formation. In general,the survival rates of the two interplanting tree species were the highest under moderate thinning. Erythrophleumfordii was more suitable for survival under non-thinning and light thinning than Schima superba. Schima superba was more adaptable to the environment under heavy thinning than Erythrophleumfordii,and moderate thinning can create conditions suitable for the co-growth of Schima superba and Erythrophleumfordii. The survival rates of the two interplanting broadleaved tree species were significantly different under different thinning intensities (P<0.05),which started to appear in the second year after planting. The survival of different broadleaved trees will vary due to changes in environmental conditions and the characteristics of their own tree species. Therefore,in pure forest mixed transformation,moderate thinning (45%) can improve the survival rate of interplanting trees.

Investigation and Analysis of Vegetation Status in Health Bridge Wetland Nature Reserve in Beijing

ZHANG Yong, YAN Hong, MIAO Xuepeng, ZHANG Liyun, LI Wancheng

2021, 0(6):  118-123.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.019

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The plant species and wetland vegetation types of Health Bridge Wetland Nature Reserve in Beijing were investigated by sampling method. The survey found 280 species (excluding varieties and forms) belonging to 184 genera and 75 families of vascular plants (including cultivated and naturalized plants),of which Potentilla reptans was a new record species in Beijing,and Amaranthus palmeri was a malignant invasive weed. Wetland vegetation consisted of 2 vegetation type groups,4 vegetation types and 29 formation types. Based on the diversity analysis of the main plant formations in the study area,it was found that the Simpson diversity index and Shannon Wiener diversity index of Zizania australis formation and heisanleng formation were significantly higher than those of other formations.

Design and Implementation of the Data Management System for Wild Animal Acoustics

YANG Minglun, YU Xinwen, ZHANG Xu, OUYANG Xuan, HOU Yanan, GAO Jiajun

2021, 0(6):  124-129.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.020

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In order to manage the high-throughput and long-term series of wild animal acoustic data collected in the wild,this papere designed the overall architecture and main functional modules of the wild animal acoustic data management system,proposeda file hierarchical management pattern for unified management of original audio files and processed result files. In addition,this paper explained the main functions of the system. The system maintained the originality of sound data,provided efficient retrieval capabilities on the basis of layering management of the data,so as tomeet the demand of making effective use of data for related work.

Design and Implementation of an Aerial Forest Protection Station Reconnaissance System

XU Jiannan, PENG Lingli, ZHAO Hongjiang, MU Xiaowei, TU Qiong, YAO Rui, ZOU Quancheng

2021, 0(6):  130-134.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.021

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Forest aviation fire fighting is a kind of forest fire prevention measure to prevent and fight forest fire by using aircraft. This study introduced the overall architecture and functions of forest aviation fire detection system,and explained the hardware composition,major indexes and work flow of two types of communication vehicles in fire scene command and communication system. The system can realize the real-time information sharing,by using fire reconnaissance plotter,map transmission and other equipment and establishing a satellite communication link between communication vehicle with National Forest Fire Prevention Headquarters. The system also can realize the integration of fire line fighting command post and rear command center,by building multimedia office platform for Real-time HD video communication.

Firefighter Safety Management for Forest Fires in the United States and its Enlightenment to China

GUO Xinbin, MA Hongwei, YAO Shunbin, CHEN Guofu, CHEN Wei, GUO Futao

2021, 0(6):  135-140.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.022

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This paper introduced the basic information of forest fire management,equipment composition and salary of forest fire firefighters in the United States in recent years. The firefighter casualties in the United States was discussed based on the current situation of firefighter casualties and environmental characteristics of accidents. In addition,the firefighter safety supervision in the United States was illustrated from three aspects,including firefighter monitoring system,accident review process and guidelines. The safety protection measures for forest firefighters in the United States was analyzed,and suggestions were provided for the safety management of forest firefighters in China from perspective of integrated organizational system construction.