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Assessment of Ecological Product Value and Financial Subsidy Scheme for Natural Hardwood Forests YU Songbai, SU Chenhui, ZHANG Hongai, LIU Daoping, LU Kangying, CHEN Shaolong Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2023, 0 (5): 29-39.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2023.05.004 Abstract （333）   HTML （11）    PDF （1144KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save According to the operational data of natural hardwood forests in Guangdong Province,using the theories of forest resource asset evaluation and research findings on the value of natural forests,this study evaluated the existing and potential natural forests at different age points.The assessment measured the various ecological product values that can be realized through resource assetization and value monetization.Against the backdrop of the current Natural Forest Protection Project,government financial subsidies were proposed as the optimal approach to realizing the ecological product value of natural forests.This subsidy scheme encompassed several aspects,including compensation for increased economic conversion value of mountain forest prices with improved ecological efficiency,compensation or funding for operational losses resulting from selective cutting or cessation of logging,and subsidies for economic losses incurred due to mature,renewable timber that cannot be harvested due to restrictions.Based on the principle of opportunity cost,scientifically fair and equitable fiscal subsidy standards for selective logging or cessation of logging were proposed.A comparison with the current implementation standards revealed a significant inadequacy in the current standards,highlighting significant room for improvement.The proposed methodology of this study was scientific and provided technical references for formulating and revising policies on fiscal compensation for ecological benefits.It also offered theoretical support for the transfer and redemption of collective and individual natural forests in the construction of nature reserves.Additionally,this research provided practical guidance for the valuation of public ecological assets in nature reserves. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Resource Status and Conservation Strategies of National Key Protected Wild Plants in China JIANG Yafang, TIAN Jing, LIU Zengli, MA Wei, SHAO Wei, BAI Ling FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.001 Abstract （327）   HTML （44）    PDF （1248KB）（310）       Knowledge map    Save Accurate data on the population and survival status of wild plant are the basis for the plant diversity conservation.The Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wild Plants make it clear that the wild plants administrative departments should periodically organize surveys of national key protected wild plants,and establish wild plants resource archives.Therefore,China launched the second national survey of national key protected wild plants in 2012.Based on the survey data,the population,community area and in situ conservation status of 283 species of national key protected wild plants in China are reported.Reasons for the changes of wild plant resources over the past 10 years are also discussed through comparative analysis between the first and second national survey of national key protected wild plants.In order to advance conservation and management of wild plants in China,several countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,including establishing a national platform for wild plant supervision and management,improving the plant diversity conservation system,and carrying out the wild plant rescue and conservation projects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Tracing Pilot Work of China's National Park System MA Wei, LIU Zengli, WANG Zhichen, JIANG Yafang, TANG Xiaoping FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.001 Abstract （269）   HTML （39）    PDF （3035KB）（237）       Knowledge map    Save Since 2013,remarkable achievements had been made in the development of national parks in China.From the initial developement of national park system to the official establishment of the first batch of national parks and the release of the national park spatial layout plan,the leap from theory to practice had been realized.Our study focused on tracking the national park system pilots in China,sorting out and refining the pilot work at both the national level and pilot area level.By tracing the progresses of the pilot work of China's national park system,sorting out and refining the pilot work at both national and pilot area levels,comprehensively analysing and summarising the main achievements and lessons learnt at different stages of China's national park system pilot,recommendations that can be replicated and applied were put forward.In addition,we took Three-River-Source National Park as an example to trace the pilot study process to provide references for the establishment and management of national parks in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Main Results of the Fourth Rocky Desertification Survey in Karst Area and Analysis of Rocky Desertification Control Situation NING Xiaobin, WU Xiebao, HUANG Junwei, WU Houjian, LIU Wei, PENG Xi FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 9-14.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.002 Abstract （237）   HTML （14）    PDF （972KB）（531）       Knowledge map    Save The fourth rocky desertification survey in Karst area was based on the result of the third national land survey,while taking 2021 as the base year to comprehensively investigate the condition and change of the rocky desertification land China.This paper briefly introduced the basic situation of the fourth rocky desertification survey,the present situation and dynamic change of rocky desertification land,as well as analyzed the current situation of rocky desertification control,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.The results showed that,the rocky desertification land area was 7.223 million hm2 by 2021.Compared with 2016,the net decrease of rocky desertification land area was 3.331 million hm2,while the average annual decrease was 0.666 million hm2.The main results indicating that the rocky desertification land in China presents the overall evolution direction of "area decreasing,degree reduction and ecological condition being stable ". Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 0-0.   Abstract （196）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Close-to-Nature Managed Pinus koraiensis Plantation Forests in the Mountainous Area of Liaodong Peninsula LI Lianqiang FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 90-97.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.011 Abstract （190）   HTML （13）          Knowledge map    Save To studythe species composition,zonal composition and biodiversity of Pinus koraiensis plantation communities under short- and medium-to long-term near-natural management.It provides a reference for restoration and biodiversity conservation of Pinus koraiensis plantation forests in Liaodong Peninsula.Near-natural management of 12 and 45-year-old Pinus koraiensis plantations was used as the study object.The community characteristics and species diversity were analyzed using the community sample survey method.The results showed:1)In the 12-year-old community,there were 29 species of higher plants belonging to 19 families and 23 genera.In the 45-year-old community,there were 142 species of higher plants belonging to 54 families and 96 genera.2)With the growth and development of Pinus koraiensis,the distribution types of the community species increased,the number of species increased,and the distribution range expanded.Among the species distribution types,North Temperate>Cosmopolitan>E.Asia & N.Amer,disjuncted;the temperate component was the most abundant,followed by the cosmopolitan component,and the tropical componentwas the least abundant.3)From 12- to 45-year-old,the Pinus koraiensis community remained in a pure forest state,but the species communityof thediversity increased significantly,and the trend of positive succession was obvious.The close-to-nature management cycle of Pinus koraiensis plantation was very long,and the positive succession was obvious;The biodiversity of the community under short-term management was relatively low,and it was not significantly enhanced until the middle management period.The theory of ecological niche and density dependence can well explain the ecological succession of Pinus koraiensis plantation,which has a good guiding role in the restoration of Pinus koraiensis plantation in Liaodong Peninsula. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Vegetation Cover Changes in Beijing from 2005 to 2020 YU Shiyong, XU Qian, YU Xiaofei FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 98-104.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.013 Abstract （188）   HTML （12）    PDF （3716KB）（266）       Knowledge map    Save Based on NDVI data from 2005—2020,the spatial distribution characteristics,temporal distribution characteristics and spatio-temporal characteristics of vegetation were analysed using NDVI classification and difference analysis to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of NDVI changes in Beijing,and to explore the reasons for the changes by analysing the vegetation cover changes in Beijing in the past 15 years.Through analysis,it is found that,the overall vegetation cover in the Beijing area is at a high level.From a regional perspective,the areas with very high NDVI mean coverage classes in Beijing from 2005 to 2020 were all located in the Jundu and Xishan mountain ranges.The vegetation coverage of Mentougou District,Huairou District,Yanqing District,Fangshan District,Changping District and Pinggu District was at the highest level in Beijing.In terms of time,the level of vegetation coverage changed significantly from 2005 to 2020,with the average annual NDVI value increasing from 0.659 0 to 0.756 6,an increase of 14.81%.The proportion of area with "very high" vegetation coverage increased from 5.31% to 47.79%,and the proportion of area with "low" vegetation coverage decreased from 5.91% to 1.25%.In terms of spatiotemporal change characteristics of vegetation,the area with obvious improvement and slight improvement accounted for more than 80%.Two "million mu afforestation" projects and mountain forest management were the main driving forces to improve the quality of vegetation coverage in Beijing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Tree Height-DBH Model for Cunninghamia lanceolata and Eucalyptus Robusta Based on Stand Dominant Height and Climatic Factors DU Zhi, CHEN Zhenxiong, Li Rui, LUO Chongbin, YANG Guojin, ZENG Weisheng FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 36-42.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.005 Abstract （186）   HTML （19）          Knowledge map    Save Based on the mensuration data of diameter at breast height(DBH)and tree height from 25 Plots of Cunninghamia lanceolata and 25 plots of Eucalyptus robusta in the annual monitoring and evaluation of national forest resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,the basic model with the highest simulation accuracy was selected from seven common tree height-DBH curve models,then stand dominant height and climate data were introduced to build generalized nonlinear models.The 10-fold cross-validation method was applied to test the models,and the estimation error of one-dimensional volume formula was evaluated.The results showed that:1)Among the traditional tree height-DBH curve models,Chapman-Richards model was the basic model with the highest accuracy;2)Compared with the basic model,the generalized nonlinear tree height-DBH model with stand dominant height and climate data had higher fitting accuracy.The determination coefficient(R2),mean prediction errors(MPE)and mean percent standard errors(MPSE)of Cunninghamia lanceolata model were 0.7976,0.58% and 13.91%,respectively,and those of Eucalyptus robusta model were 0.7207,0.62% and 11.58%,respectively;3)The volume calculated by the one-dimensional volume formula was quite different from the measured volume,especially the Eucalyptus robusta reach -13.51%,which exceeded the scope of forestry industry standards.It was worth noting that the relative error calculated by the binary volume formula and the generalized nonlinear tree height-DBH model is not above 0.5%.The generalized nonlinear tree height-DBH model of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Eucalyptus robusta can be well applied to practical production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Optimization of Natural Resource Asset Management System in National Park LING Wei, WANG Yaxuan FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 11-17.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.002 Abstract （185）   HTML （25）    PDF （1019KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Save Taking the reform of the national park management system as reference,this paper summarizes the management mode of national parks,reasonably divides the central and local powers,and establishes the work coordination mechanism and other reform experiences,and analyzes the problems existing in the natural resource asset management system,such as the unclear division of responsibilities between the owner and the supervisor,the "exercise of ownership" system and mechanism,and the unclear boundary between the central and local powers.In order to sort out and learn from the natural resource asset management models of the United States,Germany,Japan,Russia and other countries,we put forward four measures to improve thenatural resource asset management system of national parks,including strengthening the implementation of the "two unifications" responsibility,exploring the management of property rights system,improving the ecological compensation system,and improving the purchase service system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and Optimization of Survey Methods for Ecological Factors about Wild Animals and Their Habitats YANG Xiao, HU Jiping, REN Kailei, RUAN Xiangdong FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 65-70.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.009 Abstract （169）   HTML （15）    PDF （998KB）（204）       Knowledge map    Save The field survey of the current ecological situation is the basis for the prediction and evaluation of ecological environment.However,the current field investigation methods focus on assessing the status of the ecological environment,and cannot accurately predict the potential impact of construction projects during construction and operation.Under the new situation of comprehensively strengthening the protection of wild animals,the paper innovatively introduced the concept of "relative value" for six indicators which were wildlife activity degree,species richness,the quantity of key national protected wild animals,habitat connectivity,vegetation coverage and the quantity of key national protected wild plants.Combining qualitative and quantitative technical measures,the optimization of the content,methods and data calculation methods of ecological status investigation were discussed.The optimized investigation method not only lays a foundation for the objective prediction of the potential impacts of construction projects on wildlife and their habitats,but also provides effective technical support for the early project approval and decision making.It also is of great significance to study how to coordinate the development of infrastructure construction with the protection of ecological environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Forest Ecosystem Services and Driving Forces in Natural Forest Protection Project Area in Yunnan Province WANG Yihui, NIU Xiang, WANG Bing, SONG Qingfeng FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 21-28.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.004 Abstract （162）   HTML （8）    PDF （1457KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the second-class survey data and ecological connection data of forest resources about Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province in 1998 and 2020,and according to the China national standard of "Specification for Evaluation of Forest Ecosystem Service Functions",this study applies the distributed calculation method to evaluate the service functions of forest ecosystem,including soil conservation,nutrient accumulationn,water conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,purification of atmospheric environment and biodiversity conservation in the Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province,and explores the formation and growth mechanism of its ecological benefits.The study aims to clearly demonstrate the remarkable results of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Yunnan Province,to provide scientific basis and technical support for different regions to carry out forestry ecological construction projects scientifically,to adjust the direction of forestry development in time,to promote subsequent protection and development of natural forest resources,and to promote further protection and development of natural forest resources.The results show that:(1) From the perspective of time scale,the quality and value of forest ecosystem service functions in Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province have shown an upward trend in the past 20 years.(2) In 2020,the total value of forest ecosystem services in Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province was 917.189 billion yuan/a,of which the functional value of biodiversity conservation was 343.216 billion yuan/a,the functional value of water conservation was 231.108 billion yuan/a,and the functional value of purifying the atmospheric environment was 114.494 billion yuan/a,indicating that the forest ecosystem of Natural Forest Protection Project area in Yunnan Province plays an important role as the "green gene pool","green water reservoir" and "environmental purification oxygen bar bank".(3) From 1998 to 2020,the forest ecosystem service work of Natural Forest Protection Project in Yunnan Province was inseparable from the forest resource endowment and policy guidance,and under the combined influence of both mentioned above,the physical quantity and value of various forest ecosystem service functions showed an increase trend of different degrees. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Resources and Growth Characteristics of Ancient Ficus microcarpa in Hainan LIN Ling, CHEN Feifei, HUANG Chuanteng, HONG Wenjun, ZHANG Mengwen FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 121-127.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.016 Abstract （161）   HTML （5）    PDF （1573KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save The study used a combination of literature collection and field plant investigation to conduct a systematic of and study ancient Ficus microcarpa resources in Hainan Province.The resource status,distribution pattern,and growth characteristics of ancient F.microcarpa were analyzed,and a tree age-height model was constructed to reveal the senescence mechanism of ancient F.microcarpa in Hainan,and to provide theoretical and practical basis for the daily maintenance management and rejuvenation of ancient F.microcarpa.The results showed that a total of 3 715 ancient F.microcarpa were recorded in Hainan Province,distributed in cluster.Haikou City and Lingao County had a higher distribution of trees,accounting for 48.7% of the total number of trees;the countryside is the main distribution area of Hainan ancient F.microcarpa,accounting for 92.84% of the total number of trees.Most of the ancient F.microcarpa also had good growth status and site conditions,and their age,diameter at breast height and height structure are normally distributed,and a logistic model equation of y=1.369/(1+7.053e-2.852x)(R2=0.998) was fitted to represent the relationship between age and height of ancient Ficus microcarpa.The results of leaf physiological tests showed that the chlorophyll content and SOD enzyme activity of the normal plant of ancient F.microcarpa were higher than those of the weakened plant,but the MDA content was lower than that of the weakened plant,indicating that the chlorophyll content,SOD enzyme activity and MDA content of the plant can be used as one of the physiological indicators to determine the senescence of ancient trees. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Forestland Grading Based on Forest Potential Productivity Evaluation Model and Its Application HUA Weiping, WU Jianwei, YU Liyao, WANG Yanan, WU Chengzhen, ZHUANG Chongyang, CHI Shangping, JIANG Xidian FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 29-37.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.005 Abstract （148）   HTML （12）    PDF （2884KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save Forestland is an essential resource for forestry production.Scientific and reasonable classification of forestland grades can accurately and comprehensively reflect differences in forestland quality,providing a decision-making basis for government macro-control of the forestland market and strengthening forestland management.Taking standard stand volume as an evaluation element of forest potential growth power,we divided forestland quality grades and developed a forest potential productivity evaluation model related to forestland quality grading indicators.We estimated parameters using the LM-UGO method,evaluated model fitting goodness with fitting correlation coefficient,mean square error,sum of squares of residuals,and Chi-square test,and applied forestland quality grading to the forest resources in Wuyishan City and Wuyishan National Park as case studies.The results showed:1) The established forest potential productivity evaluation model had a correlation coefficient of 0.966,a mean square error of 1.726,a sum of squares of residuals of 286.095,and a Chi-square test value of 33.898.The weights of six forestland grading index factors including average annual temperature,average annual rainfall,thickness of humus layer,thickness of soil layer,slope,and slope position were 0.08,0.22,0.27,0.26,0.10,and 0.07 respectively.2) Based on the annual growth amount and average growth rate,the benchmark age for forestland quality grading was determined to be 20 years.3) In Wuyishan City and Wuyishan National Park,the proportions of grades 3 and 4 in forestland quality were relatively large,the proportion of grade 5 was 9.43%,grade 1 was the smallest,and the potential growth level of forestland was at a medium level.The area proportion of each grade was significantly related to altitude(topography),exhibiting a power function or polynomial relationship.Developing a forest potential productivity evaluation model related to forestland quality grading indicators can avoid the subjectivity problem of determining index factor weights by classical decision analysis methods such as the analytic hierarchy process and grey relational analysis method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Forest Stand Spatial Structure Intelligent Optimization Based on Voronoi Spatial Unit LIU Xin, HUANG Lang, QING Dongsheng, LI Jianjun FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 27-35.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.004 Abstract （145）   HTML （10）          Knowledge map    Save Using the Voronoi method to determine the target tree and neighbourhood tree has the problems of inaccurate edge correction and uncertainty of threshold size,which are not conducive to the quantitative description of the spatial structure of forest stand.To address these problems,this study set all the forest trees in Voronoi units that are less than 0.5 m from the sample plot boundary line and incomplete as non-objective trees,and introduced a regulation threshold Rmax for the distance between the target tree and neighbourhood tree to correct the problem of unreasonable selection of target tree and neighbourhood tree in the processing of edge effects in Voronoi spatial units.Based on the modified Voronoi spatial unit,a multi-objective ecological harvesting scheme was constructed and intelligently optimized by an ant colony algorithm.The results showed that the fitness functions of the four sample plots,M4,M8,M14 and M17,which had relatively poor stand spatial structure conditions among the 20 sample plots before regulation,were improved by 0.72,0.92,0.93 and 0.86,respectively,after regulation by simulated harvesting,which proved that the scheme has a better effect on optimizing the spatial structure of forest stand,and can provide a supportive tool for forest management decisions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Gap Analysis of Priority Areas for Ecological Protection in Shennongjia of Hubei Province ZHANG Ping, CHAO Bixiao, XIAO Yangping, WANG Li, LU Yuan, XU Jiannan, ZOU Shangbo, ZOU Quancheng FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 15-20.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.003 Abstract （142）   HTML （10）    PDF （2420KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save Shennongjia of Hubei Province is rich in biodiversity and has high conservation value,which is highly irreplaceable worldwide.In order to more accurately protect important ecological resources in Shennongjia and improve protection efficiency,this study built an ecological protection priority area identification model for Shennongjia of Hubei Province,and conducted protection priority area identification and protection gap analysis for its regions.The results showed that the overall ecological value of Shennongjia in Hubei Province was relatively high,and the spatial distribution pattern of ecological protection importance was divided by provincial highway "318 - national highway 242 - provincial highway 318".The ecological protection importance in the north was significantly weaker than that in the south;The priority area for ecological protection in Shennongjia was mainly located in areas with high degree of naturalness and low human interference,including Taiyangping,Houziya,Shennongding,and other areas.However,there were still gaps in the protection of Liushuping in Zhuxi County,Hongyanzhai in Fangxian County,Heishayu in Shennongjia forest region,Huangqiya in Xingshan County,and Taihuang Mountain.The priority areas for ecological protection had basically been included in the management scope of natural protected areas and nature reserves,but there were still some gaps in protection.It is suggested that the opportunity of establishing Shennongjia National Park can be used to further integrate and optimize the regional nature reserve system,and improve protection efficiency on the basis of ensuring that areas with high ecological value are included in the protection scope. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Light Intensity on Physiological Characteristics of One-Year-Old Bruguiera gymnorhiza Seedlings FANG Fazhi, LI Zhaojia, ZHANG Mengwen, WU Zhongqin, GUI Huiying FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (4): 43-52.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.006 Abstract （133）   HTML （17）          Knowledge map    Save This study was conducted to investigate the light adaptability of 1-year-old Bruguiera gymnorhiza(L.)Lam.seedlings.The seedlings of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were treated by light intensity simulation control experiment.The indices of plant height,basal diameter,Chl(a+b)content,Pn,MDA content,PRO content and SOD activity were measured after 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100% light intensity treatments.The effects of light on Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings were analyzed by correlation and principal component analysis.The results showed,1)60% light intensity environment of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedling height growth fastest,100% light intensity environment of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedling base diameter growth fastest.2)The total chlorophyll content decreased with the increase of light intensity,but the net photosynthetic rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of light intensity.There was no significant difference in total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate between 60% light intensity and 80% and 100% light intensity.3)Under 60% light intensity environment,the malondialdehyde content and proline content of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were significantly lower than those under 20% light intensity environment,but the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher than that under 20% light intensity environment.4)There was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate,malondialdehyde content and proline content between 60% light intensity and 100% light intensity,but the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher than that of 100% light intensity.5)Through correlation and principal component analysis,it was found that 60% light intensity environment was the best for the growth of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings.Therefore,the adaptability of 1-year-old seedlings to 60% light intensity was stronger than that of other light environments.The results showed that 100% light intensity had a certain light inhibition effect on 1 a Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings,while 20% and 40% light intensity could not meet the needs of 1 a Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings for light.The results provide a numerical reference for the appropriate shading treatment of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings in the process of ecological restoration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-Tree Crown Delineation in Plain Afforestation Areas Based on Mask R-CNN XING Yuanjun, WEN Kunjian, GUO Xiaoni, SONG Yabin, HU Zhongyue, JIANG Tengyu, HE Zijing FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 115-120.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.015 Abstract （131）   HTML （4）    PDF （5403KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save This paper aims to investigate an automated approach for extracting spatial distribution and quantities of planted trees in plain areas by using of visible light imagery obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles.Specifically,the study focuses on analyzing afforestation patches located in Huailai,Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province.To achieve this,a manually constructed single-tree crown dataset was utilized to train and predict Mask R-CNN models with varying backbone networks(R50-FPN-1x,R50-FPN-3x,R101-FPN-3x),and their accuracies were compared on an independent test set.Results indicate that all backbone models were able to segment tree crowns in the afforested areas,with the R101-FPN-3x model achieving the highest accuracy of 75.33% and a recall rate of 73.23%.The results showed that the single tree segmentation method based on Mask R-CNN from UAV images could quickly and accurately detect single tree targets in afforestation areas automatically,and effectively segment single tree crown to map the crown contour,which could meet the needs of efficient investigation and monitoring in small and medium-sized plain afforestation areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Responses of Vegetation in Mu Us Sandy Land to Climate Change from 1982 to 2020 WANG Cuiping, HAN Xiaohong, WANG Haochen, YOU Jiaqi FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 80-89.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.011 Abstract （131）   HTML （4）    PDF （15315KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Mu Us Sandy Land belongs to the agro-pastoral staggered area in northern China,the ecological environment is fragile,and the vegetation growth is greatly affected by the climatic environment.Based on GIMMS NDVI3g.v1 from 1982 to 1999 and MOD13Q1 from 2000 to 2020,combined with the temperature and precipitation data of relevant meteorological stations,this paper discussed the spatiotemporal characteristics of vegetation growth and its response to climate change in Mu Us Sandy Land from 1982 to 2020 by using trend analysis,coefficient of variation,partial correlation analysis and Hurst index.The research results showed:1) The vegetation growth of Mu Us Sandy Land showed a continuous upward trend,with an increase rate of 1.3% per 10 a,with 2005 being the inflection point,and the vegetation growth being slow before 2005 and rapidly thereafter.2) The NDVIaverage range of Mu Us Sandy Land was between 0.10~<0.41,and spatial distribution characterized by "low west and high east ",and the change trend was mainly increased,accounting for about 94.07% of the total area,of which a significant increase accounted for 57.43% and a very significant increase accounted for 30.14%;The spatial variation and stability of vegetation varied significantly,and the proportion of high fluctuation change area was 35.95%,and the bands were distributed in areas with strong vegetation growth at the southeast edge of sandy land.3) The positive correlation coefficient between NDVI and temperature in April,June and August was high,and the positive correlation coefficient between NDVI and precipitation from June to September was strong,and precipitation had a greater impact on the growth and development of sandy vegetation,and the co-directional characteristics of vegetation change were stronger than the reverse characteristics.4) The future change trend of Mu Us Sandy Land would be mainly continuous improvement and continuous degradation,with continuous improvement accounting for 51.49% of the total area and continuous degradation accounting for 46.49%. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Ecotourism Standardization of Protected Areas ZHANG Bolin, QIAO Yongqiang, XU Wentong, TANG Xiaoping Forest and Grassland Resources Research    2023, 0 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2023.05.001 Abstract （130）   HTML （18）    PDF （1277KB）（131）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the relevant research in the field of ecotourism and analysis of the problems faced by the requirements and standardization in protected areas,the paper explained the framework and key points which the specification should focus on.According to the requirements of current policies and standardizations on the zoning of ecotourism,facility construction,recreation activities,activity management and monitoring and evaluation and other issues,the paper explained in depth that the standardization in protected areas is based on ecotourism zoning and activity control.It also stipulated corresponding content between zoning with infrastructure and service facility,and put forward relevant requirements suggestions for monitoring and management.When supplemented by supporting management measures,standardization could lead the ecotourism to a healthy development stage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiments on Estimating Planted Forest Inventory Attributes Based on UAV-LiDAR Data ZHOU Mei, LI Chungan, YANG Chengling, LI Zhen FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT    2023, 0 (3): 90-97.   DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.03.012 Abstract （129）   HTML （13）    PDF （6171KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save To explore advanced,reliable,and feasible technical schemes for small-scale forest resource inventory and monitoring,unmanned aerial vehicle-based LiDAR (UAV-LiDAR) was tested for estimating and mapping forest inventory attributes.Thirteen UAV-LiDAR-derived metrics,which depict the three-dimensional structural aspects of the forest canopy and have clear forest mensuration and ecology significance,were used to construct 86 multiplicative power formulations consisting of 2~5 predictors for forest inventory attribute estimation by using a rule-based exhaustive combination.All the formulations were calibrated and validated using the sample plot data,and six optimal models were achieved.The results indicated that the coefficients of determination (R2) of the mean stand height,basal area,and volume estimation for the pine and eucalyptus planted forests were 0.616~0.853,the relative root mean squared errors (rRMSE) were 10.85%~18.79%,and the mean predictive errors (MPE) were 3.80%~9.72%.With its ability to accurately estimate and map forest attributes,UAV-LiDAR provides an innovative technological tool for small-scale forest resource inventory,and effectively overcomes many of the problems of conventional field measurements.However,there are still numerous technical issues that need to be further investigated in the application of UAV-LiDAR to forest resource inventory to improve accuracy and reduce inventory costs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics